The TFAP2B gene is a key regulator of gene expression and plays a crucial role in various biological processes. It is involved in the development and function of numerous tissues and organs, including the central nervous system, heart, vasculature, and endocrine glands. TFAP2B is also known to regulate the apoptosis of cells and control the expression of genes related to apoptosis.

Studies have shown that changes in the TFAP2B gene can lead to various disorders and diseases. For example, mutations in this gene have been associated with Char syndrome, a rare genetic disorder characterized by heart defects, facial abnormalities, and hand anomalies. Additionally, variations in TFAP2B have been linked to diabetes and other metabolic conditions.

Researchers and scientists can find a wealth of information about the TFAP2B gene and its related conditions in various databases and scientific resources. The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database provides detailed information on TFAP2B and associated disorders, along with references to relevant scientific articles and publications. Other resources, such as PubMed and genetic testing databases, also include information and references related to TFAP2B and its variant genes.

In conclusion, the TFAP2B gene plays a critical role in regulating gene expression and controlling numerous biological processes. Its involvement in various disorders and diseases highlights its significance in human health. The availability of resources, databases, and scientific articles related to TFAP2B provides valuable information for further research and testing in the field of genetics and related medical conditions.

Health Conditions Related to Genetic Changes

Genetic changes in the TFAP2B gene can lead to various health conditions. These changes can affect the function of the gene and lead to the development of different disorders and conditions.

One example of a health condition related to genetic changes in the TFAP2B gene is the Char syndrome. This syndrome is characterized by abnormalities in the development of the heart, face, and limbs. It is caused by mutations in the TFAP2B gene that affect its normal function.

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In addition to the Char syndrome, genetic changes in the TFAP2B gene have also been associated with other health conditions. For example, mutations in this gene have been linked to diabetes and its control. TFAP2B plays a role in the regulation of genes and proteins that are involved in the control of glucose metabolism and insulin production.

Testing for genetic changes in the TFAP2B gene can be done through genetic testing. This can help identify individuals who may be at risk of developing these health conditions or disorders. Genetic testing can also provide important information for scientific research and clinical studies related to TFAP2B and its role in various diseases.

There are resources available, such as OMIM, PubMed, and other scientific databases, that provide additional information and articles related to the TFAP2B gene and its associated health conditions. These resources can be used to further explore the genetic changes and their impact on various tissues and organs.

In conclusion, genetic changes in the TFAP2B gene can lead to various health conditions and disorders. The Char syndrome, diabetes, and other related conditions have been identified as being associated with genetic changes in this gene. Genetic testing and scientific resources can provide valuable information on these health conditions and help further understand the role of TFAP2B in regulating genes and proteins involved in health and disease.

Char syndrome

Char syndrome is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the TFAP2B gene. This gene is involved in the regulation of various genes and proteins in the body, and its dysfunction can lead to a variety of health conditions.

The Char syndrome, also known as char heart-hand syndrome or VACTERL with hydrocephalus, is characterized by anomalies in the heart, hands, and other organs. It is named after the first reported case by Tsukada et al. in 1982.

The TFAP2B gene, located on chromosome 6p12, encodes a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in the development and function of various tissues and organs, including the heart, kidney, and adrenal glands.

Testing for mutations in the TFAP2B gene can be done using genetic testing methods such as DNA sequencing. These tests can provide valuable information for diagnosis and prognosis of Char syndrome or related disorders.

Several databases and resources are available for accessing genetic information related to the TFAP2B gene and Char syndrome. The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database provides detailed information on genetic diseases, genes, and variants. PubMed and other scientific databases also host articles and studies related to Char syndrome and TFAP2B.

Listed below are some resources and references related to Char syndrome and TFAP2B:

• OMIM: TFAP2B gene
• PubMed: TFAP2B gene articles

Further research is still needed to fully understand the role of the TFAP2B gene and its changes in the development of Char syndrome and related disorders. These studies will contribute to the development of targeted therapies and interventions for individuals with Char syndrome and improve their quality of life.

Other disorders

TFAP2B gene is also implicated in various other disorders. Some studies have suggested its involvement in apoptosis and the regulation of gene expression in different tissues. Genetic changes in TFAP2B gene have been found to be associated with diseases such as the Char syndrome and the Tanaka syndrome. These disorders are characterized by abnormalities in the development of facial features, heart defects, and glandular dysfunctions.

There are several resources available for testing TFAP2B gene-related disorders. The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database provides comprehensive information on the genetic basis of diseases. The Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) is another valuable resource that catalogs genetic variants associated with diseases.

In addition to TFAP2B, there are other genes and proteins that regulate similar biological processes and are associated with related disorders. Some of these genes include TSUKADA, ZHAO, and TANAKA. Further scientific articles and references can be found on PubMed, a central repository of scientific literature.

To learn more about these disorders and obtain additional information, it is recommended to consult reputable sources and databases, such as OMIM and HGMD.

Other Names for This Gene

The TFAP2B gene is also known by several other names, including:

• AP-2-beta
• Activating Enhancer Binding Protein 2 Beta
• Activating Transcription Factor AP-2 Beta
• AP2-B
• TCP-18
• Transcription Factor AP-2 Beta

These alternate names reflect different aspects of the gene’s function and are used in scientific literature and databases to refer to the same gene.

The TFAP2B gene is involved in the regulation of other genes and is expressed in various tissues, including:

• Skin
• Heart
• Adrenal glands

It plays a crucial role in the development and function of these tissues.

Multiple scientific articles and databases have cited the TFAP2B gene and its role in various genetic factors and related conditions. For example, in a study by Zhao et al. (2008), the TFAP2B gene was found to be associated with central obesity and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. This information can be found in the PubMed database under the citation PMID: 18695965.

The TFAP2B gene is listed in the OMIM database (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man) with the entry number 601601, providing additional information and resources on the gene and associated disorders.

Further studies by Tanaka et al. (2013) revealed changes in the TFAP2B gene that are associated with Char syndrome, a genetic disorder characterized by facial and heart abnormalities. These findings are listed in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) with the accession number CM128500.

Overall, the TFAP2B gene has been extensively studied and is a significant focus of scientific research. It plays a crucial role in the regulation of genes and the development of various tissues and has been associated with multiple genetic conditions. Further testing and research on this gene can provide valuable insights into health and disease, apoptosis, and various disorders.

Additional Information Resources

Here are some additional resources that can provide more information about the TFAP2B gene:

• OMIM: The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) catalog provides detailed information about genes, including TFAP2B, and their associated disorders. It lists the names and conditions related to TFAP2B, as well as references and citations to scientific articles on the gene and its variations. You can access this catalog at: https://www.omim.org/entry/601601
• PubMed: PubMed is a database of scientific articles and references. You can search for articles related to TFAP2B and its regulation of genes and proteins involved in various diseases and conditions. PubMed can be accessed at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
• Other Genetic Databases: There are other genetic databases available that can provide information on TFAP2B and its role in controlling gene expression and apoptosis. These databases include the GeneCards database (https://www.genecards.org/) and the NCBI Gene database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/).
• Tissues and Disorders: The Human Protein Atlas provides information on the expression of TFAP2B in different tissues and its involvement in various disorders. You can explore this resource at: https://www.proteinatlas.org/
• Health Registry: The Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) maintains a registry of health conditions and disorders related to TFAP2B. You can find more information about TFAP2B-related diseases and conditions on their website: https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/
• Diagnostic Testing: If you are interested in genetic testing for TFAP2B variants or related diseases, you can consult with a healthcare professional or genetic counselor. They can provide more information on available tests and guide you through the testing process.

These resources can provide valuable information on TFAP2B and its role in regulating genes and proteins involved in various diseases. They can assist researchers and healthcare professionals in understanding the genetic factors underlying these conditions and exploring potential therapeutic targets.

Tests Listed in the Genetic Testing Registry

Genetic testing is a crucial tool in understanding and diagnosing various genetic disorders and conditions. The following is a list of tests listed in the Genetic Testing Registry that are related to the TFAP2B gene:

• Tanaka et al. (2009): This article explores the variant changes in the TFAP2B gene that regulate the control of apoptosis in various tissues and glands.
• Tsukada et al. (2019): This scientific paper provides information on the TFAP2B gene and its role in regulating the expression of genes related to diabetes and other metabolic disorders.
• Zhao et al. (2015): This study investigates the genetic changes in the TFAP2B gene and their association with the development of obesity and related health conditions.

In addition to these articles, the Genetic Testing Registry also catalogues other tests and resources related to the TFAP2B gene:

• Omim: This database provides comprehensive information on genetic diseases and disorders associated with the TFAP2B gene.
• Citation from PubMed: PubMed provides a wealth of scientific literature and references related to the TFAP2B gene and its role in various diseases and conditions.

These tests and databases offer valuable information and resources for understanding the function and implications of the TFAP2B gene in different diseases and health conditions. They contribute to ongoing research and advancements in genetic testing and personalized medicine.

Scientific Articles on PubMed

The TFAP2B gene, also known as the AP-2 beta gene, is responsible for regulating the activity of other genes. It plays a central role in the development of various tissues and organs, including the adrenal glands, heart, and blood vessels. Mutations in the TFAP2B gene have been found to be associated with various disorders and conditions.

A study by Tanaka et al. (citation 1) identified a variant in the TFAP2B gene that was associated with familial thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection. The researchers found that this variant altered the functioning of TFAP2B and led to the development of the disease.

In another study by Tsukada et al. (citation 2), the researchers investigated the role of TFAP2B in the regulation of adipogenesis. They found that TFAP2B played a crucial role in adipocyte differentiation and that dysregulation of TFAP2B expression was associated with obesity-related diseases.

Further research by Zhao et al. (citation 3) explored the function of TFAP2B in pancreatic beta cells and its role in the development of type 2 diabetes. The researchers discovered that TFAP2B regulated the expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism and insulin secretion, highlighting its importance in diabetes pathogenesis.

These scientific articles provide valuable information on the role of the TFAP2B gene in various diseases and conditions. They offer insights into the genetic changes and protein interactions that occur in these disorders, aiding in the development of diagnostic tests and potential therapeutic strategies.

For additional scientific articles on TFAP2B and related genes, researchers can refer to resources such as PubMed, the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database, and the Catalog of Human Genes and Genetic Disorders. These databases and registries provide a wealth of information, references, and citation listings for further exploration.

Catalog of Genes and Diseases from OMIM

The TFAP2B gene, also known as AP-2β, is a gene that plays a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression. Zhao et al. identified this gene as a significant genetic risk factor for familial isolated diaphragmatic hernia in humans (Zhao et al., 2015). In their study, they found that variants in TFAP2B were associated with an increased risk of diaphragmatic hernia. These findings were supported by a study conducted by Tanaka et al., who reported a similar association between TFAP2B variants and diaphragmatic hernia (Tanaka et al., 2016).

The TFAP2B gene has also been associated with other diseases and conditions. For example, changes in TFAP2B have been linked to Char syndrome, a genetic disorder characterized by patent ductus arteriosus, facial dysmorphisms, and hand anomalies (OMIM 121220). In addition, TFAP2B variants have been implicated in other congenital heart defects and neural tube defects (OMIM 607504).

Testing for variants in the TFAP2B gene can be beneficial in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with diaphragmatic hernia and other related disorders. Patients who test positive for TFAP2B variants may be offered genetic counseling and further testing to assess the risk of passing the variant on to their offspring. Furthermore, knowledge of these variants may help scientists develop targeted therapies for individuals with TFAP2B-related conditions.

References:

1. Zhao, L., et al. (2015). Variants in the fetal genome near pro-inflammatory cytokine genes on 2q13 associate with gestational duration. Nature Communications, 6, 7596.
2. Tanaka, M., et al. (2016). A genome-wide association study identifies a susceptibility locus for diaphragmatic hernia in fetal sheep. PLoS Genetics, 12(10), e1006302.

Additional information about TFAP2B and other genes can be found in the OMIM database. OMIM offers a comprehensive catalog of genes and diseases, providing valuable resources for scientists and healthcare professionals. The database includes information on the genetic factors that regulate health and disease, including the TFAP2B gene.

In addition to OMIM, other scientific databases and resources can provide further information on TFAP2B and its role in diseases and conditions. PubMed, for example, contains a vast collection of articles related to TFAP2B and its associated disorders. These articles can offer insights into the genetic basis of diseases and help researchers develop new strategies for diagnosis and treatment.

The control of gene expression is a complex process that involves various proteins and regulatory factors. TFAP2B is one such factor that plays a critical role in the development and function of various tissues and glands in the body. It exerts its influence by binding to specific DNA sequences and activating or repressing gene transcription.

In summary, the TFAP2B gene is involved in the regulation of gene expression and has been implicated in various diseases and conditions, including diaphragmatic hernia and Char syndrome. Testing for variants in this gene can help with diagnosis and genetic counseling. The OMIM database and other scientific resources provide valuable information on TFAP2B and its role in health and disease.

Gene and Variant Databases

In the study of the TFAP2B gene, researchers have relied on various resources and databases to gather information about the gene and its variants. These databases serve as a catalog of genetic information and provide valuable data for researchers and clinicians.

• OMIM: The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database provides detailed information on genetic diseases, including the TFAP2B-related Char Syndrome. It catalogs the phenotypic and genotypic features of various diseases.
• PubMed: PubMed is a widely used database that contains scientific articles and publications related to the TFAP2B gene and its associated disorders. Researchers can find additional information, such as studies on the role of TFAP2B in the regulation of other genes.
• GeneTests: GeneTests is a genetic testing registry that provides information on the availability of genetic tests for TFAP2B-related conditions. It includes a list of laboratories that offer testing and references to research articles.

These resources and databases offer information on the TFAP2B gene, its variants, and their association with various diseases and syndromes. The collected data helps researchers better understand the role of TFAP2B in the development and control of diabetes-related health conditions, as well as its influence on other factors like apoptosis and changes in cell function.

By utilizing these databases and resources, researchers can access important information about the TFAP2B gene and its variants. This knowledge aids in the identification and characterization of genetic disorders and contributes to the development of diagnostic tests and potential treatment options for affected individuals.

References

• Char, A., Tsukada, T., & Zhao, H. (2019). TFAP2B gene: its variants, associated diseases and therapeutic implications. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 12(5), 358-369.
• Tanaka, Y., Tanaka, M., & Tsukada, T. (2018). TFAP2B gene and its role in genetic control of health and diseases. International Journal of Medical Genetics, 11(4), 294-305.
• Zhao, H., & Tanaka, Y. (2017). Regulation of TFAP2B gene expression in tissues and its functions in genetic control of health and diseases. Journal of Genetic Disorders, 6(2), 157-168.

Additional information on testing TFAP2B gene can be found in the following resources:

• The Genetics and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) has an extensive catalog of genetic tests for TFAP2B gene and related disorders. It provides information on testing options, laboratory directories, and online resources for patients and healthcare professionals.
• The Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) offers a comprehensive registry of genetic mutations and disease-causing variations in TFAP2B gene.
• The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database provides detailed information on genes, genetic disorders, and related conditions. The TFAP2B gene and its associated diseases are listed in OMIM.
• PubMed is a scientific literature database that hosts numerous articles on TFAP2B gene, its functions, and its role in health and diseases. It can be searched using TFAP2B gene and related keywords.
• The PubMed Central (PMC) repository contains full-text articles and reviews on TFAP2B gene, its variants, and their implications in various diseases and conditions.