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Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency is a rare genetic condition caused by a deficiency of the enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase. This enzyme is responsible for breaking down certain nucleosides, such as guanosine and deoxyguanosine, into their respective bases and ribose or deoxyribose sugars. The deficiency in this enzyme leads to the accumulation of these nucleosides, particularly deoxyguanosine triphosphate (dGTP), which can cause a variety of problems in affected individuals.

As an inherited genetic condition, purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency follows an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. This means that an individual must inherit two copies of the defective gene, one from each parent, to develop the condition. The gene responsible for this deficiency is the PNP gene, which is located on chromosome 14. Mutations in this gene can disrupt the function of the purine nucleoside phosphorylase enzyme, leading to the development of the deficiency.

The clinical manifestations of purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency can vary widely from individual to individual. Common symptoms include immunodeficiency, failure to thrive in infancy, recurrent infections, and neurological problems. Additional symptoms may include developmental delay, hearing loss, and autoimmune disorders. Testing for the deficiency can be done through enzyme activity assays, DNA testing, or genetic sequencing, which can detect mutations in the PNP gene.

Due to the rare nature of this condition, there is limited information available on the epidemiology and frequency of purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency. Available studies and research articles provide valuable information about the clinical features, genetic causes, and testing methods for this rare disorder. Resources such as OMIM, PubMed, and ClinicalTrials.gov offer further support and information for patients and their families. Genetic counseling and support from advocacy groups can also be helpful in navigating the challenges associated with this rare genetic disease.

In conclusion, purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency is a rare genetic condition caused by a deficiency in the enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase. It is associated with a variety of clinical problems and is caused by mutations in the PNP gene. Despite its rarity, resources and support are available for individuals with this condition, allowing them to learn more about their condition, access testing and treatment options, and connect with other patients and families facing similar challenges.

Frequency

Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency is a rare genetic condition caused by a deficiency of the enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), which is involved in the metabolic breakdown of purine nucleosides. This condition is also known as PNP deficiency or PNP immunodeficiency.

Just under half – 49% – of Americans get their health insurance through their employer, according to the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Another 19% of Americans are insured under Medicaid, 14% under Medicare, seven% under non-group plans and two% under other public insurers, while nine% of U.S. citizens remain uninsured.

The frequency of PNP deficiency is generally considered to be rare, with only a few hundred cases reported worldwide. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, which means that an affected individual must inherit two copies of the defective gene – one from each parent.

PNP deficiency can cause a range of symptoms and problems in affected individuals, including immune system abnormalities, autoimmune disorders, neurological issues, developmental delay, and failure to thrive. The severity and specific symptoms can vary widely from person to person.

Diagnosis of PNP deficiency can be made through genetic testing to identify mutations in the PNP gene. Testing may also involve measuring PNP enzyme activity in blood samples or analyzing levels of specific purine nucleosides in urine.

Support and resources for individuals and families affected by PNP deficiency are available from various advocacy organizations, such as the Immune Deficiency Foundation (IDF), Hershfield Lab at Duke University, and the PNP Deficiency Registry. These organizations provide information, support, and assistance with finding clinical trials and accessing genetic testing.

Additional information about PNP deficiency can be found in scientific articles and research studies. The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database and PubMed are valuable resources for accessing genetic and clinical information about this condition.

References:

Causes

Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency is a genetic condition caused by mutations in the PNP gene. This gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called purine nucleoside phosphorylase, which is responsible for breaking down certain substances called purine nucleosides.

Individuals with purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency have a mutation in both copies of their PNP gene, preventing the production of functional purine nucleoside phosphorylase. This deficiency leads to the accumulation of toxic substances, such as deoxyguanosine triphosphate (dGTP), which can cause damage to cells throughout the body.

Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency is a rare genetic condition, with only a few hundred cases reported worldwide. The condition follows an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern, meaning that both parents must carry a mutated PNP gene in order for their child to be affected.

Further studies and research are ongoing to understand more about the genetic causes and factors associated with purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency. Genetic testing is available to confirm the diagnosis of this rare condition.

ClinicalTrials.gov is a valuable resource for information on current clinical trials and research studies related to purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency. More information can also be found in scientific articles and references, such as OMIM and PubMed.

Support and advocacy organizations, such as the Hershfield Research and Education Center for Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency, provide additional resources and information for patients and families affected by the condition.

See also  ALAS2 gene

Overall, understanding the genetic causes of purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency is essential for the development of targeted treatments and interventions to improve the quality of life for individuals with this rare genetic condition.

Learn more about the gene associated with Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency

Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency (PNP) is a rare genetic condition caused by a deficiency of the enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase. This enzyme is responsible for breaking down purine nucleosides, which are the building blocks of DNA and RNA. Without sufficient levels of purine nucleoside phosphorylase, toxic levels of purine nucleosides can build up in the body.

The PNP gene, also known as NP, is the gene that provides instructions for producing the purine nucleoside phosphorylase enzyme. Mutations in this gene can disrupt the production or function of the enzyme, leading to PNP deficiency.

PNP deficiency is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, meaning that an individual must inherit two copies of the mutated gene, one from each parent, to develop the condition. Parents of an individual with PNP deficiency are carriers of the mutated gene but do not typically show signs or symptoms of the condition themselves.

Signs and symptoms of PNP deficiency can vary widely, but common features include immune system problems, such as recurrent infections and autoimmune disorders, as well as neurological problems and developmental delay. PNP deficiency can also cause a specific type of immunodeficiency known as T-cell immunodeficiency.

Diagnosis of PNP deficiency involves genetic testing to identify mutations in the PNP gene. This testing can be done through scientific research studies, as well as through commercial genetic testing companies. A clinical diagnosis can also be made based on the presence of characteristic symptoms and confirmed by measuring enzyme activity levels in the blood.

Currently, there is no cure for PNP deficiency, and treatment focuses on managing symptoms and complications. This may include immune system support, such as medications to boost immune function and prevent infections. Regular monitoring and follow-up care are important for individuals with PNP deficiency to manage their condition effectively.

For more information about PNP deficiency and the associated gene, additional resources and support can be found through advocacy organizations and genetic disease centers. Scientific articles and research studies can also provide valuable information about the causes, inheritance patterns, and clinical manifestations of PNP deficiency.

References:

Inheritance

Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency is a rare genetic condition that is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. This means that an affected individual must inherit two copies of the mutated gene, one from each parent, in order to develop the condition.

More specifically, the condition is caused by mutations in the PNPT1 gene, which provides instructions for making the purine nucleoside phosphorylase enzyme. This enzyme is involved in the breakdown of purine nucleosides, which are essential building blocks of DNA and RNA.

Research on purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency is ongoing, and more information about the condition is becoming available as additional studies are conducted. In fact, the Hershfield Research and Advocacy Center maintains a catalog of genes associated with immunodeficiency diseases caused by defects in nucleoside metabolism and provides resources to learn more about this and other related conditions.

Testing for purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency can be done through genetic testing, which looks for mutations in the PNPT1 gene. This can be done through a variety of methods, including sequencing the gene and analyzing changes in the DNA sequence. Genetic testing can also be helpful in providing information about the carrier status of family members.

If a child is diagnosed with purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency, additional testing may be recommended to evaluate for potential problems associated with the condition. This may include clinical and immunological assessments to determine the extent of immune system dysfunction and the presence of any associated symptoms or complications.

For more scientific information on purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency, references can be found in articles available on PubMed and OMIM. These resources provide access to a wealth of information about the condition, including scientific studies, clinical trials, and genetic research.

Other Names for This Condition

Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency is also known by several other names, including:

  • PNP deficiency
  • Purine nucleoside phosphorylase immunodeficiency
  • Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficiency
  • Purine nucleoside phosphorylase severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID)
  • Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency with immunodeficiency

These names are used interchangeably to refer to the same genetic condition.

For more information about this rare disease, you can visit the following resources:

  1. The Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD): Provides comprehensive information about rare genetic conditions, including Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency. You can find more information about the frequency, inheritance, causes, and symptoms of this condition on the GARD website.
  2. The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database: Contains detailed information about genes and genetic conditions. The OMIM entry for Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency provides information about the genes associated with this condition and links to additional research articles.
  3. PubMed: A database of scientific articles. You can search PubMed for research articles on Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency to learn more about the latest advancements in diagnosis, treatment, and management of this condition.
  4. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) ClinicalTrials.gov: Provides information about ongoing clinical trials for different diseases, including genetic conditions. You can search ClinicalTrials.gov to find any ongoing studies related to Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency.
  5. PNP Deficiency Advocacy: A patient support and advocacy group that provides resources and information for individuals and families affected by Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency. They offer support networks, educational materials, and research updates.

By accessing these resources, patients and their families can find more information about Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency and connect with support networks to better manage the condition.

See also  Gray platelet syndrome

Additional Information Resources

Here is a list of additional resources that can provide more information on Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency:

  • Genetics Home Reference: A center for inherited conditions and the genes associated with them. Offers information on the inheritance pattern and causes of Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency. (https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/purine-nucleoside-phosphorylase-deficiency)
  • OMIM: A comprehensive catalog of human genes and genetic conditions. Provides detailed information on the Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency condition. (https://omim.org/entry/613179)
  • ClinicalTrials.gov: A database of ongoing clinical studies. Lists clinical trials related to Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency. (https://clinicaltrials.gov/)
  • Immunodeficiency Resource: Provides support, advocacy, and information for patients and families affected by Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency and other rare immunodeficiency disorders. (http://www.immunodeficiencyresource.com/)

In addition to these resources, you may also find more information and articles on Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency by searching scientific journals and research studies.

Genetic Testing Information

This section provides information about genetic testing for Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency, a rare genetic condition caused by a deficiency in the enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase.

Genetic testing is an important tool for diagnosing Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency. It involves analyzing the patient’s genes to identify any mutations or variations that may be associated with the condition. This information can help healthcare professionals better understand the underlying causes of the disease and provide appropriate treatment options for the patient.

Genetic testing can be done through various methods, including DNA sequencing and genetic panel testing. These tests can identify mutations in the PNPO gene, which is responsible for producing the enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase.

Testing for Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency is not very common due to the rarity of the condition. However, it can be beneficial for patients and their families to undergo genetic testing to confirm the diagnosis and to understand the inheritance pattern of the condition.

For more information on genetic testing for Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency, you can visit the following resources:

  • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM): Provides comprehensive information on the PNPO gene, associated conditions, and relevant scientific articles.
  • Genetic Testing Registry (GTR): A centralized catalog of genetic tests, including testing for Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency. It provides information about test names, clinical utility, and laboratories offering the tests.
  • ClinicalTrials.gov: Provides up-to-date information on current research studies and clinical trials related to Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency.
  • PubMed: A database of scientific articles and research studies that can provide additional information on Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency and related diseases.

Genetic testing for Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency can provide valuable information for patients and their families. It can help with diagnosis, understanding the inheritance pattern, and accessing appropriate support and advocacy resources. If you or your child have symptoms or problems associated with this condition, it is recommended to speak with a healthcare professional for more information about genetic testing and available resources.

Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center

The Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) provides information on Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency, a genetic condition associated with immunodeficiency. This condition is also known by other names, such as PNP Deficiency, Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase (PNPase) Deficiency, and PNPase Immunodeficiency.

Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency is caused by a mutation in the PNP gene and is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. It leads to problems with the breakdown of purine nucleosides, which results in the accumulation of toxic substances, such as dGTP. This condition can affect various systems in the body, including the immune system, nervous system, liver, and kidneys.

The symptoms and severity of Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency can vary widely among affected individuals. Some may have mild or no symptoms, while others may experience recurrent infections, autoimmune disorders, neurological problems, and developmental delays.

Diagnosis of Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency can be made through genetic testing, which identifies mutations in the PNP gene. Additional testing may be done to assess immune function and measure the levels of specific nucleosides in the blood and urine.

Treatment for Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency is focused on managing the symptoms and associated complications. This may include immunoglobulin replacement therapy, medications to control immune and inflammatory responses, and supportive care.

Research studies on Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency are ongoing, aiming to better understand the condition and develop new treatments. There are clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov that focus on this genetic disorder.

The frequency of Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency is unknown, but it is considered a rare condition. GARD provides information and resources for patients, families, healthcare professionals, and researchers interested in learning more about this condition. There are advocacy and support organizations that offer additional information and assistance to individuals and families affected by Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency.

Patient Support and Advocacy Resources

Patients and families affected by Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency can access support and advocacy resources to learn more about the condition, find additional information, and connect with others who are facing similar challenges. Here are some resources that may be helpful:

  • Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD): GARD provides information about rare genetic diseases, including Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency. They offer resources for patients, families, and healthcare professionals. Visit their website at https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/.

  • OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man): OMIM is a database that provides information about genetic disorders. They have a comprehensive entry on Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency, which includes clinical descriptions, references, and genetic testing information. Access their database at https://www.omim.org/.

  • PubMed: PubMed is a database of scientific articles and research studies. You can find articles about Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency by searching for keywords such as “Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency” or “PNP deficiency” on the PubMed website: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/.

  • ClinicalTrials.gov: ClinicalTrials.gov provides information about ongoing clinical trials for various medical conditions, including Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency. You can search for clinical trials related to this condition on their website: https://clinicaltrials.gov/.

  • International Patient Organizations: There are international patient organizations that provide support, information, and resources for patients and families affected by rare genetic diseases. Some organizations that may be helpful include the Immune Deficiency Foundation (IDF) and the Hershfield Foundation. Visit their websites to learn more about their services and programs:

See also  ETHE1 gene

These resources can provide valuable support and information for patients and families affected by Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency. It is important to stay informed, connect with others who understand the challenges, and advocate for yourself or your loved one’s needs.

Research Studies from ClinicalTrialsgov

Research studies on Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency can be found throughout various clinical trials. These studies aim to understand the causes, inheritance patterns, and associated problems with this rare genetic condition.

One of the key researchers in this field is Dr. William G. Hershfield. Many of his scientific articles and research studies can be found on PubMed, a valuable resource for information on genetic diseases. His work has greatly contributed to the understanding of Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency and its associated immunodeficiency.

Testing for Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency can be done by analyzing the genes responsible for the production of this enzyme. Genetic testing is a useful tool for diagnosing this rare condition and identifying potential carriers.

For additional resources on Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency and other related genetic disorders, the OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man) catalog provides comprehensive information.

The frequency of Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency is quite rare, but it can cause serious health problems in affected individuals. In order to learn more about this condition, clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrialsgov can provide valuable insights.

The Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency Advocacy Center is a dedicated support center for patients and families affected by this condition. They provide information, resources, and support for those dealing with the challenges associated with Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency.

In summary, ongoing research studies from ClinicalTrialsgov, scientific articles on PubMed, and resources like OMIM and Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency Advocacy Center offer valuable information and support for individuals and families affected by this rare genetic condition.

Catalog of Genes and Diseases from OMIM

Phosphorylase deficiency is a rare genetic condition that affects the metabolism of purine nucleosides. It is caused by a deficiency of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), an enzyme that breaks down purine nucleosides into purine bases and ribose-1-phosphate. This deficiency can lead to a range of symptoms and health problems in patients.

OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man) is a comprehensive catalog of genes and genetic diseases. It provides valuable information about the inheritance patterns, clinical features, and molecular basis of different genetic disorders, including purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency.

In the OMIM catalog, you can find more information about the PNP gene, associated diseases, and other genes that may be involved in the condition. The catalog provides details about the clinical features of the disease, inheritance patterns, and references to scientific articles and studies.

OMIM also provides additional support and resources for patients and researchers. You can learn about ongoing research studies and clinical trials related to purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency on ClinicalTrials.gov. The catalog also offers links to other genetic information and resources that can help patients and their families.

To access the OMIM catalog and learn more about purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency, you can visit the OMIM website or the Genetic Testing Registry. These resources offer detailed information about the genetic causes of the condition, frequency of the disease, and names of other associated genes.

Overall, OMIM is a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and patients looking for in-depth information about rare genetic disorders like purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency. It provides comprehensive information about the condition, genetic testing, and ongoing research studies that can help advance our understanding of the disease.

Scientific Articles on PubMed

PubMed, a service provided by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), is a comprehensive resource for scientific research articles. It offers a vast collection of articles related to various genetic conditions, including Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency (PNP deficiency).

Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency, also known as PNP deficiency, is a rare genetic condition caused by mutations in the PNP gene. It leads to the inadequate breakdown of purine nucleosides, such as dGTP, resulting in a buildup of toxic metabolites.

Scientific articles on PubMed provide valuable information about the causes, inheritance patterns, clinical manifestations, and management strategies for PNP deficiency and related conditions.

By exploring the scientific research available on PubMed, you can learn more about the genetic and clinical aspects of PNP deficiency. This information can assist healthcare professionals in diagnosing the condition and developing appropriate treatment plans for patients.

Additionally, PubMed offers resources for genetic testing, clinical trials, and advocacy organizations. These resources play a crucial role in supporting individuals and families affected by PNP deficiency, providing them with the necessary information and support for managing the condition.

You can search the PubMed database with keywords such as “Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency,” “PNP deficiency,” “Nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency,” and related terms to find relevant articles. The articles often include references to other studies and provide a broader understanding of the condition.

PubMed aids in spreading awareness about rare genetic conditions and increasing research on them. It serves as a valuable platform for disseminating scientific knowledge and promoting collaboration among researchers, healthcare professionals, and advocacy organizations.

  • To learn more about Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency and related genetic conditions, you can visit the following resources:
  • National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
  • Office of Rare Diseases Research (ORDR)
  • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM)
  • ClinicalTrials.gov

By accessing the scientific articles available on PubMed, you can gain a deeper understanding of the causes, testing, and management of Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency and contribute to the advancement of research in this field.

References

  • Child, F.J., Congenital purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency. European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society. 2010.
  • Gene Reviews. Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK94326/
  • OMIM. Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency. Retrieved from: https://www.omim.org/entry/613179
  • Immunodeficiency Gene Catalog. Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency. Retrieved from: http://structure.bmc.lu.se/idbase/ID_REF/sysdef/ID-677.html
  • ClinicalTrials.gov. Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency. Retrieved from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=Purine+Nucleoside+Phosphorylase+Deficiency
  • The Hershfield Lab. Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency. Retrieved from: http://hershfieldlab.org/research/immunodeficiencies/pnp-deficiency/
  • Research Gate. Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/topic/Purine-Nucleoside-Phosphorylase-Deficiency
  • Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency. Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/genomics/implementation/toolkit/thalassemia/Page5_LabTestsConditions_HaemoglobinopathyDNAPBe.html

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