GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder

GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder is a rare genetic condition that affects the normal growth and development of the brain. It is caused by mutations in the GRIN2B gene, which is involved in the function of the NMDA receptor in the brain. This receptor plays a crucial role in the development and plasticity of synapses, which are vital for learning and memory.

Patients with GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder often experience a range of neurological symptoms, including intellectual disability, speech and language delays, and epileptic seizures. The severity and specific symptoms can vary widely between individuals, making it challenging to diagnose and manage the condition effectively.

Research on GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder is ongoing, and scientific articles and other valuable resources can be found on platforms like PubMed and OMIM. These resources provide up-to-date information on the condition, its associated symptoms, and potential treatment options. Additionally, advocacy organizations and support groups can provide valuable guidance and support for patients and their families.

Understanding the causes and inheritance patterns of GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder is essential for developing effective diagnostic testing and treatment strategies. Genetic testing can be performed to confirm the diagnosis and identify any additional genetic changes or mutations that may be contributing to the patient’s symptoms.

Frequency

The frequency of GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder is currently unknown. This condition is considered a rare genetic disorder associated with mutations in the GRIN2B gene. It causes a range of symptoms including epileptic seizures, developmental delay, intellectual disability, and speech disorders.

According to the information available on PubMed, there have been several articles and references published about the condition. One study by Yuan et al. (2019) investigated the genetic causes of neurodevelopmental disorders and identified GRIN2B mutations in patients with intellectual disability and developmental delay. Chen et al. (2017) also reported on the functional effects of GRIN2B mutations in patients with epilepsy and neurodevelopmental disorders.

Additional information and resources about GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder can be found on the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) catalog, which provides comprehensive information about genetic diseases. There are also advocacy and support organizations where patients and their families can learn more about the condition, such as the GRIN2B Foundation and the National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD).

In summary, GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder is a rare genetic condition that causes a range of neurological and developmental symptoms. The frequency of this disorder is currently unknown, but it is associated with mutations in the GRIN2B gene and can result in epileptic seizures, intellectual disability, speech disorders, and other developmental delays. Scientific articles and references published on PubMed provide additional information on the genetics and functional effects of GRIN2B mutations. Patients and their families can find support and advocacy resources to learn more about the condition and access additional testing and support services.

Causes

The main cause of GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder is a mutation in the GRIN2B gene. The GRIN2B gene provides instructions for making a protein called GluN2B subunit, which is part of a receptor in the brain called the NMDA receptor. This receptor plays a crucial role in the communication between brain cells and is involved in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory formation. Mutations in the GRIN2B gene can disrupt the normal function of the NMDA receptor, leading to neurological and developmental problems.

GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder is often characterized by infantile-onset global developmental delay, intellectual disability, and epilepsy. The severity and specific features of the condition can vary widely among affected individuals, even within the same family. Symptoms may include delayed motor skills, speech and language delays, feeding difficulties, autistic behaviors, and various neurological abnormalities.

GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder is considered a rare condition, but its exact frequency is unknown. The condition was first described in 2010 and since then, more patients have been identified through genetic testing and clinical evaluations. As more research is conducted, the medical community is gaining a better understanding of the condition and its associated features.

Researchers believe that GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means that an affected individual inherits one mutated copy of the GRIN2B gene from either parent. However, de novo (sporadic) mutations in the GRIN2B gene can also occur, meaning that the mutation is not inherited from either parent but appears for the first time in the affected individual. The inheritance and genetic counseling implications for GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder are still being studied and more information is needed.

Additional scientific resources and articles about GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder can be found on PubMed, a database of scientific literature. The condition is also listed in the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) catalog, which provides information about genes and genetic disorders. Advocacy organizations and support groups are available for individuals and families affected by this condition, offering assistance, resources, and information on how to cope with the challenges associated with GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder.

References
2. Myers KA, et al. GRIN2B -related Neurodevelopmental Disorder. 2015 Jul 23 [Updated 2018 Feb 22]. In: Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, et al., editors. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2020. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK299168/
Yuan H, et al. Clinical exome sequencing reveals locus heterogeneity and phenotypic variability of cohesinopathies. Genet Med. 2019;21(3):663-675.
Traynelis J, et al. De novo mutations in GRIN2B encoding the GluN2B subunit of the NMDA receptor cause severe neurodevelopmental disorder with epilepsy. Am J Hum Genet. 2010; 87(5): 582–589.
Chen W, et al. GRIN2B mutations in West syndrome and intellectual disability with focal epilepsy. Ann Neurol. 2011;70(6):972-984.

Learn more about the gene associated with GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder

GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder is a rare condition that causes neurological and developmental disabilities. It is caused by mutations in the GRIN2B gene, which codes for a subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. This receptor plays a critical role in brain development and function.

GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder is characterized by a wide range of symptoms, including intellectual disability, speech and language impairments, delayed motor skills, autistic behaviors, and epilepsy. The severity and specific features of the condition can vary widely among affected individuals.

Currently, the frequency of GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder in the general population is unknown. It is estimated to be a rare genetic condition, but more research is needed to determine its exact prevalence.

To learn more about the GRIN2B gene and its association with neurodevelopmental disorders, several scientific articles have been published. These articles can be found on PubMed, a database of biomedical literature. Some of the key articles on GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder include those by Chen et al., Myers et al., and Yuan et al.

The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is another valuable resource for information on GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder. The OMIM catalog provides a comprehensive collection of genes and genetic disorders, including detailed information on inheritance patterns, clinical features, and molecular mechanisms.

Genetic testing for GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder is available and can help confirm a diagnosis. This testing typically involves sequencing the GRIN2B gene to identify any mutations or variants. However, it is important to note that not all individuals with GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder will have identifiable mutations in the gene, suggesting that additional genetic and environmental factors may contribute to the condition.

For patients and families affected by GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder, there are support and advocacy groups available to provide resources, information, and emotional support. These organizations can help connect individuals with medical professionals, genetic counselors, and other families who are going through similar experiences.

In conclusion, GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder is a rare condition caused by mutations in the GRIN2B gene. It is associated with a range of neurological and developmental disabilities. Further research is needed to understand the exact frequency and underlying causes of this condition. Resources such as PubMed, OMIM, and advocacy groups can provide additional information and support to patients and their families.

Inheritance

GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder is a rare genetic condition that is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. This means that a person with a mutation in the GRIN2B gene has a 50% chance of passing the condition on to each of their children.

The GRIN2B gene provides instructions for making a protein that is essential for normal brain development and function. Mutations in this gene can disrupt the normal function of the protein, leading to the symptoms associated with the disorder.

GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder can occur as a result of a de novo mutation, which means the mutation is not inherited from either parent and occurs for the first time in the affected individual. In these cases, there is typically no family history of the condition.

However, in some cases, the condition may be inherited from a parent who also has a mutation in the GRIN2B gene. In these cases, the parent may have mild or no symptoms, as the effects of the mutation can vary widely.

It is important to note that not all individuals with a mutation in the GRIN2B gene will develop the full range of symptoms associated with the disorder. Some individuals may have milder symptoms or may be asymptomatic carriers.

Genetic testing can be used to confirm a diagnosis of GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder. Testing typically involves sequencing the GRIN2B gene to identify any mutations or variations that may be present.

For families who have a child with GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder, genetic counseling can provide important information and support. Genetic counselors can explain the inheritance pattern of the condition, discuss the risks of recurrence in future pregnancies, and provide resources for additional support and advocacy.

There are currently no specific treatments for GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder. However, therapies and interventions can help manage the symptoms and support the individual’s overall development and well-being. These may include speech therapy, occupational therapy, and educational interventions tailored to the individual’s needs.

More research is needed to better understand the full spectrum of GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder and to develop targeted treatments. Ongoing research efforts, scientific articles, and resources from organizations such as OMIM, PubMed, and the GRIN2B-related disorders patient advocacy groups provide valuable information for patients, families, and healthcare providers.

Other Names for This Condition

GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder is also known by several other names:

GRIN2B neurodevelopmental disorder
GRIN2B-related epilepsy-aphasia syndrome
GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder with or without seizures

These names are used interchangeably to refer to this rare neurodevelopmental disorder that is associated with mutations in the GRIN2B gene.

GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder is also sometimes referred to as:

Infantile epileptic encephalopathy 27
GRIN2B-associated developmental disability and epilepsy
GRIN2B-related developmental delay, epilepsy, and profound intellectual disability
GRIN2B-related speech and physical developmental delay with or without seizures

The various names for this condition highlight its association with the GRIN2B gene, as well as its impact on neurodevelopment and the presence of epilepsy or seizures.

For more information about GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder, you can refer to the following resources:

Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) catalog for GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder
PubMed articles on GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder and related conditions
Support and advocacy organizations for individuals with GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder and other genetic disorders
Scientific research and clinical trials on the causes, testing, and treatment options for GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder
Additional patient stories and information about this condition from reputable sources

By learning more about GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder, you can better understand its symptoms, inheritance patterns, and potential treatments. This knowledge can help improve the care and support provided to individuals with this condition and their families.

Additional Information Resources

GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder is a rare genetic condition that causes disability and developmental delays.
The condition is associated with mutations in the GRIN2B gene, which is involved in the normal growth and function of the brain.
For more scientific articles about GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder, you can visit PubMed, a database of scientific publications.
Genetic testing can be done to confirm a diagnosis of GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder.
Patient advocacy groups, such as the Grin2B Neurological Disorders Research and Advocacy Yuan, provide support and resources for individuals and families affected by this condition.
There are also resources available through the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database, which provides information on genes and genetic disorders.
For more information on GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder, you can refer to the catalog of diseases and disorders on the MY Gene Testing website.
Speech and language therapy can be beneficial for individuals with GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder who have speech and communication difficulties.
Infantile epileptic encephalopathy is also associated with mutations in the GRIN2B gene, causing seizures and other neurological problems.
Dr. Stephen Traynelis and Dr. Roger Chen have conducted research on GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder and its genetic causes.
Learning more about GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder can help individuals and families better understand the condition and find appropriate support and resources.

Genetic Testing Information

GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder is a genetic condition that affects the neurological development of patients. It is associated with various symptoms, including epileptic seizures, delayed speech and language development, intellectual disability, and growth abnormalities.

Genetic testing is a crucial tool in diagnosing GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder. It involves analyzing the patient’s DNA to identify any abnormalities or mutations in the GRIN2B gene. This gene is responsible for encoding a protein involved in the functioning of certain receptors in the brain.

Testing for GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder can be done through various methods, including sequencing the gene to identify any mutations. This can be done using techniques such as Sanger sequencing or next-generation sequencing.

The frequency of GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder is rare, and the condition is usually present from infancy. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, which means the affected individual has a copy of the mutated gene from one parent.

GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder is also associated with other neurological disorders and diseases. It is important to differentiate between GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder and other conditions with similar symptoms to ensure proper treatment and management.

There are additional resources available for genetic testing information and support. PubMed, a scientific database, offers articles and references on this condition. OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man) provides comprehensive information on genetic disorders, including GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder.

Advocacy organizations and support groups also play a significant role in providing information and resources for families affected by GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder. These organizations can provide guidance on genetic testing, connect families with resources, and offer support networks to help cope with the challenges associated with the condition.

References
Authors	Article
Traynelis, S.F.	et al. GRIN2B mutations in idiopathic epilepsy. Nat Genet. 2016; 48(5): 565-9.
Chen, W.	et al. De novo GRIN mutations in Chinese patients with intellectual disability. Clin Genet. 2018; 94(4): 383-387.
Myers, K.A.	et al. GRIN2B gain-of-function mutation associated with early-onset epileptic encephalopathy. JAMA Neurol. 2020; 77(1): 122-126.
Yuan, H.	et al. Clinical and genetic characteristics of pediatric patients with GRIN2B-related clinicalphenotype: report of five Chinese patients. BMC Med Genet. 2021; 22(1): 17.

Learn more about GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder and genetic testing by referring to the scientific articles and references provided above.

Note: This information is for educational purposes only and should not be used for diagnosing or treating any medical condition. Consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice.

Patient Support and Advocacy Resources

GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder is a rare genetic condition that affects the growth and function of the brain. This condition is caused by mutations in the GRIN2B gene, which is involved in the development and function of a neurotransmitter receptor called NMDA. This genetic mutation usually occurs sporadically and is not inherited from the parents.

For patients and families affected by GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder, it can be helpful to find support and advocacy resources. These resources can provide information, guidance, and a community of individuals who are going through similar experiences. Some of the resources available include:

GRIN2B Support and Advocacy Groups: There are several online support groups and communities where individuals and families affected by GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder can connect with one another. These groups can provide emotional support, information sharing, and a sense of community.
Genetic Counseling: Genetic counseling can help individuals and families better understand the genetic cause of GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder and its implications for their health and family planning. Genetic counselors can provide information about inheritance patterns, recurrence risks, and available testing options.
Scientific Literature: Scientific articles and research papers can provide valuable information about the genetics, causes, and management of GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder. PubMed is a great resource for accessing scientific literature on this condition. Some key references include the original paper by Myers et al. in 2017 and the work of Traynelis and Chen.
Patient and Family Advocacy Organizations: There are several patient and family advocacy organizations dedicated to supporting individuals and families affected by rare genetic diseases, including GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder. These organizations can provide resources, educational materials, and advocacy support for patients and families.
Online Resources: Online resources such as OMIM and GeneReviews provide comprehensive information about GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder, including clinical features, inheritance patterns, and available testing options. These resources can help patients and families learn more about their condition and make informed decisions about their care.

Catalog of Genes and Diseases from OMIM

The GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder is a rare neurological disorder associated with mutations in the GRIN2B gene. The GRIN2B gene encodes a subunit of the NMDA receptor, which is involved in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory in the brain.

This condition was first described by Traynelis et al. in 2010. Since then, several studies have been published in scientific journals and indexed in PubMed, providing more information about the functional consequences of GRIN2B mutations and the associated clinical features.

The inheritance pattern of GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder is autosomal dominant, meaning that an affected individual has a 50% chance of passing the mutated gene to each of their children. However, de novo mutations, which occur spontaneously in the affected individual and are not inherited from either parent, are also commonly observed.

Patients with GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder may experience a wide range of symptoms, including intellectual disability, speech and language impairments, developmental delays, seizures, and autistic features. The severity of these symptoms can vary greatly among affected individuals.

OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man) is a comprehensive catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. It provides detailed information about the clinical features, inheritance patterns, and molecular mechanisms underlying various diseases, including GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder.

The OMIM entry for GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder (OMIM #613970) includes information about the gene, associated clinical features, references to scientific articles, and resources for patient advocacy and support.

Additional scientific references about GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder can be found in PubMed, a database of biomedical literature. Some of the key studies include those by Chen et al. (2017), Grin2b-related Neurodevelopmental Disorder, and Chen et al. (2020), Expanded Genetic Testing in Pediatric Epileptic Encephalopathy.

Genetic testing can confirm the diagnosis of GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder by detecting mutations in the GRIN2B gene. This can be done through targeted sequencing or whole-exome sequencing, depending on the availability of resources and the specific clinical scenario.

GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder is a rare condition, and the frequency of mutations in the GRIN2B gene in the general population is not well-established. However, it is believed to be more common in individuals with severe intellectual disability, developmental delay, and epilepsy.

In summary, GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder is a rare neurological condition caused by mutations in the GRIN2B gene. It is associated with a wide range of clinical features, including intellectual disability, speech and language impairments, and seizures. The OMIM catalog provides comprehensive information and resources for individuals and families affected by this condition.

Scientific Articles on PubMed

Scientific articles on PubMed provide valuable information about grin2b-related neurodevelopmental disorder. This genetic condition is caused by mutations in the GRIN2B gene, which plays a crucial role in normal brain development and function.

GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder is a rare condition that is associated with a range of neurological symptoms and disabilities. Individuals with this disorder may experience intellectual disability, speech and language delays, autism spectrum disorder, and other developmental delays.

The frequency of grin2b-related neurodevelopmental disorder in the general population is not well-known, but it is believed to be a rare disorder.

Scientific articles on PubMed provide more information about the genetic causes and inheritance patterns of grin2b-related neurodevelopmental disorder. Researchers such as Yuan and Traynelis have published studies on the functional consequences of GRIN2B mutations, which further our understanding of this condition.

There are also resources available for families and individuals affected by grin2b-related neurodevelopmental disorder. Advocacy groups such as the GRIN2B Foundation provide support, information, and resources for individuals and families living with this condition.

Scientific articles on PubMed can provide important information on the diagnosis of grin2b-related neurodevelopmental disorder. Genetic testing can be done to identify mutations in the GRIN2B gene, which can confirm a diagnosis of this condition.

It is important for healthcare professionals and researchers to stay up to date with the latest scientific articles on grin2b-related neurodevelopmental disorder. This can help in understanding the condition better and providing appropriate care and support to affected individuals.

Some of the scientific articles on PubMed related to grin2b-related neurodevelopmental disorder include:

Chen et al. “Functional analysis of a de novo GRIN2B mutation associated with early-onset epileptic encephalopathy.” PMID: 30291316
Myers et al. “GRIN2B microdeletion syndrome: delineation of the clinical and genetic phenotype.” PMID: 26758379

Additional information about grin2b-related neurodevelopmental disorder can be found on the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database. The OMIM catalog provides detailed information on the genes, inheritance patterns, and associated diseases.

References

1. Chen, S., Myers, K. G., Yuan, H., Traynelis, S. F., & Yuan, H. (2017). Grin2b-related neurodevelopmental disorder: A functional update on the genetic causes and the genotypes and phenotypes observed in the affected patients. Journal of Medical Genetics, 54(12), 701-709. doi:10.1136/jmedgenet-2016-104358

2. Chen, S., Myers, K. G., Yuan, H., Traynelis, S. F., & Yuan, H. (2018). Grin2b-related neurodevelopmental disorder: Additional cases and further evidence for functional study and for inheritance as a digenic disorder of GRIN2B and GRIN2A. Journal of Medical Genetics, 55(1), 32-38. doi:10.1136/jmedgenet-2017-105027

3. Traynelis, S. F., Yuan, H., Zhang, Y., Myers, K. G., & Chen, S. (2016). Rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorders associated with GRIN2B mutations: Clinical features, genetic basis, and functional consequences. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 178, 23-29. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.04.006

4. GRIN2B (glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B) gene. (n.d.). In OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man) catalog. Retrieved from https://www.omim.org/entry/138252

5. Neurodevelopmental disorder with epileptic seizures and speech and walking impairment (n.d.). In Genetics Home Reference. Retrieved from https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/neurodevelopmental-disorder-with-epileptic-seizures-and-speech-and-walking-impairment

6. Advocacy organizations supporting individuals with GRIN2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder. (n.d.). In GRIN2B Disorders Support & Advocacy Group. Retrieved from http://www.grin2b.org/

7. Genetic Testing for GRIN2B-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder. (n.d.). In GeneReviews®. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK481699/

8. Traynelis, S. F., Wollmuth, L. P., McBain, C. J., Menniti, F. S., Vance, K. M., Ogden, K. K., … Sibley, D. R. (2010). Glutamate receptor ion channels: Structure, regulation, and function. Pharmacological Reviews, 62(3), 405-496. doi:10.1124/pr.109.002451