Clouston syndrome, also known as hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, is a rare genetic condition that affects the development of the skin, hair, nails, and glands. It is caused by mutations in the GJB6 gene. This syndrome is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, which means that a person with one copy of the altered gene will have the condition. Clouston syndrome is characterized by thickened and discolored nails, hair loss, and absence or underdevelopment of sweat and oil glands. People with Clouston syndrome often have misshapen teeth and may experience dental problems.

One of the more noticeable features of Clouston syndrome is the thickened and discolored nails. This can lead to nail dystrophy, which is the abnormal growth or development of the nails. The hair may also be affected, with individuals experiencing hair loss or sparse hair growth. In addition, Clouston syndrome can cause underdeveloped or absent sweat and oil glands, which leads to dry skin.

Clouston syndrome is just one of many ectodermal dysplasias, a group of genetic diseases that affect the skin, hair, nails, and glands. Other diseases in this group include pachyonychia congenita, ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting syndrome, and ankyloblepharon-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting syndrome. These conditions can have overlapping features, which may make it difficult to diagnose a specific ectodermal dysplasia. Genetic testing can be helpful in identifying the specific gene mutation associated with a particular condition.

Although there is no cure for Clouston syndrome, there are resources available for support and advocacy. The Clouston Syndrome Foundation provides information and support to individuals and families affected by Clouston syndrome. They offer a patient support network, resources for finding genetic testing centers, and educational materials about the condition. The foundation also advocates for increased awareness and funding for research on Clouston syndrome. Additional information about Clouston syndrome can be found on the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) catalog, as well as scientific articles on PubMed.

In conclusion, Clouston syndrome is a rare genetic condition that affects the development of the skin, hair, nails, and glands. It is caused by mutations in the GJB6 gene and is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. People with Clouston syndrome may have thickened and discolored nails, hair loss, and underdeveloped or absent sweat and oil glands. There are resources available for support and advocacy, such as the Clouston Syndrome Foundation and the OMIM catalog. Genetic testing can provide additional information about the specific gene mutation associated with Clouston syndrome.

Frequency

Clouston syndrome is a rare genetic condition associated with the GJB6 gene. It is also known by other names such as hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and Clouston’s hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. The exact frequency of Clouston syndrome is unknown, but it is estimated to occur in fewer than 1 in 1 million individuals worldwide.

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Clouston syndrome is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, which means that an affected individual has a 50% chance of passing the condition on to each of their children. Additional information on the inheritance pattern and genetic testing for Clouston syndrome can be found in scientific articles and resources such as OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man) and PubMed.

Clouston syndrome is characterized by certain physical features, including dystrophy of the nails and teeth, hair abnormalities, and changes in the skin. These changes primarily affect the hair, nails, teeth, and sweat glands. Individuals with Clouston syndrome may have thick, brittle, and discolored hair, abnormal nails, missing or misshapen teeth, and reduced or absent sweating.

More information about Clouston syndrome, its causes, and patient support resources can be found from organizations such as the Clouston Syndrome Advocacy Group and the Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center.

References:

• Clouston Syndrome – Genetics Home Reference – NIH. Retrieved from https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/clouston-syndrome
• OMIM Entry – #129500 – CLUSTON SYNDROME; CLS. Retrieved from https://omim.org/entry/129500
• Radhakrishna U, Garg S. Clouston Syndrome. In: Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, et al., editors. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 2004-. Available from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1289/

Causes

The primary cause of Clouston syndrome is a mutation in the GJB6 gene, which is responsible for encoding the protein connexin 30. Mutations in this gene lead to a decrease in the amount or functionality of connexin 30, which is involved in forming gap junctions between cells.

Gap junctions are essential for the normal growth and development of various tissues and organs, including the skin, hair, and nails. In individuals with Clouston syndrome, the reduced functioning of connexin 30 disrupts the communication between cells, resulting in the characteristic features of the condition.

Clouston syndrome is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means that a mutation in one copy of the GJB6 gene is sufficient to cause the condition. Most cases of Clouston syndrome are inherited from an affected parent, but sporadic cases can also occur due to new mutations in the gene.

While the frequency of Clouston syndrome is currently unknown, it is considered to be a rare condition.

Additional testing, such as genetic testing and clinical evaluation, may be required to confirm a diagnosis of Clouston syndrome. Genetic testing can detect mutations in the GJB6 gene and provide support for the diagnosis.

For more information about Clouston syndrome and related genetic diseases, there are various resources available, including online catalogs like OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man) and PubMed. These resources provide scientific articles, references, and other information about the condition.

Learn more about the gene associated with Clouston syndrome

Clouston syndrome is a rare condition characterized by abnormalities of the hair, skin, nails, and sweat glands. It is caused by mutations in the GJB6 gene, also known as the connexin 30 gene. This gene provides instructions for making a protein called connexin 30, which is found in the hair follicles, sweat glands, and other tissues.

The GJB6 gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 13. Mutations in this gene can disrupt the normal functioning of connexin 30, leading to the signs and symptoms of Clouston syndrome. The inheritance pattern of Clouston syndrome is autosomal recessive, meaning that both copies of the GJB6 gene in each cell must have mutations for the condition to be present.

To learn more about Clouston syndrome and the GJB6 gene, there are several resources available. The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) catalog provides detailed information on the genetics, clinical features, and inheritance patterns of Clouston syndrome. Scientific articles can also be found in PubMed, a database of biomedical literature.

For patient support and advocacy, the Clouston Syndrome International Resource and Support Center offers additional information and resources. This organization aims to raise awareness about Clouston syndrome, provide support to individuals and families affected by the condition, and promote research efforts.

Further information on Clouston syndrome can also be found in dermatology textbooks and other medical references. These resources can provide detailed descriptions of the clinical features, diagnostic criteria, and management of the condition.

References:

• Radhakrishna, U., & Zonana, J. (2003). Clouston syndrome. GeneReviews®. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle.
• Kelsell, D. P., et al. (2003). Mutations in GJB6 cause hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Nature Genetics, 34(4), 392–394. doi:10.1038/ng1200
• van Steensel, M. A. M. (2005). Clouston syndrome. Journal of Medical Genetics, 42(3), 177–182. doi:10.1136/jmg.2004.026773

Inheritance

Clouston syndrome is a rare genetic condition that is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. This means that a person with just one copy of the mutated gene is affected by the condition.

The gene associated with Clouston syndrome is called GJB6. Mutations in this gene lead to the signs and symptoms of the condition.

Clouston syndrome is sometimes referred to as hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia type 2 (HED2) or Clouston hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. These are other names for the same condition.

This rare genetic disorder affects the skin, nails, teeth, and sweat glands. It is characterized by sparse hair, thickened nails, and palmoplantar keratoderma, which is a thickening of the skin on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.

If you are interested in learning more about the genetics of Clouston syndrome, you can find additional information in scientific articles and genetic databases. Resources such as OMIM, PubMed, and the Genetic Testing Registry can provide more information about the causes and inheritance of Clouston syndrome.

Support and advocacy organizations for rare diseases like Clouston syndrome can also provide valuable information and resources. You can find support and learn more about this condition from organizations such as the Clouston Syndrome Foundation and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS).

Other Names for This Condition

Clouston syndrome is also known by various other names, including:

• Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia 2 (HED2)
• HED with nail dystrophy
• Clouston hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia
• Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia type 2
• Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal dominant
• Hypotrichosis with nail dystrophy and clubbing
• Hypotrichosis with nail dystrophy
• EDH2

These names refer to the same condition and are used interchangeably in scientific literature and medical resources.

Clouston syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that is primarily characterized by abnormal development of the skin, hair, teeth, and sweat glands. It is caused by mutations in the GJB6 gene, which provides instructions for making a protein called connexin 30.2. This protein is involved in the formation of gap junctions, which are channels that allow cells to communicate with each other.

Additional information about Clouston syndrome can be found in the OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man) catalog. OMIM is a comprehensive database that provides information about genetic diseases, genes, and genetic variants. The OMIM entry for Clouston syndrome is available at:

https://www.omim.org/entry/129500.

Patients and their families can find support and advocacy resources through organizations such as the Clouston Syndrome Advocacy and Support Group. More information can be found at their website:

https://www.cloustonsyndrome.org/.

For scientific articles and research papers on Clouston syndrome, PubMed is a valuable resource. PubMed is a database of biomedical literature that provides access to a wide range of scientific publications. The PubMed search results for Clouston syndrome can be found at:

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Clouston+syndrome.

For genetic testing and more information about the genes associated with Clouston syndrome, the Genetic Testing Registry (GTR) is a useful resource. The GTR is a central repository of information about genetic tests and their availability. The GTR page for Clouston syndrome can be accessed at:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gtr/conditions/C0728855/.

In summary, Clouston syndrome is a rare genetic condition with various other names. It is associated with mutations in the GJB6 gene and affects the development of the skin, hair, teeth, and sweat glands. Additional information, resources, and genetic testing can be found through the OMIM catalog, Clouston Syndrome Advocacy and Support Group, PubMed, and the Genetic Testing Registry.

Additional Information Resources

Here is a list of additional resources that provide genetic and scientific information about Clouston syndrome:

• OMIM: The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database provides a comprehensive summary of the genes and genetic disorders. The entry for Clouston syndrome can be found at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/129500.
• PubMed: PubMed is a database of scientific articles. Searching for “Clouston syndrome” will yield research papers and studies related to this condition. You can access PubMed at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/.
• Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center: This center provides information about Clouston syndrome, including its causes, inheritance pattern, and frequency. You can find more information at https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/7301/clouston-syndrome.
• ClinicalTrials.gov: This website provides information about clinical trials related to Clouston syndrome. You can find ongoing and completed clinical trials at https://clinicaltrials.gov/.
• Clouston Syndrome Advocacy and Support Groups: There are several advocacy and support groups for Clouston syndrome. These groups offer resources, support, and information for patients and their families. Some of the organizations include the Clouston Syndrome Foundation (https://www.cloustonsyndrome.org/) and the Dystrophy Ann Zonana Clouston Syndrome Center (https://www.dystrophyannzonanasupport.org/).

This is not an exhaustive list, and there may be other sources of information available. It is always recommended to consult with healthcare professionals and genetic specialists for accurate and up-to-date information about Clouston syndrome.

Genetic Testing Information

Genetic testing for Clouston syndrome can provide valuable information about the underlying cause of the condition. The main gene associated with Clouston syndrome is gjb6. By undergoing genetic testing, individuals can learn if they have any genetic variants in the gjb6 gene that are known to be related to the syndrome. The testing can be conducted by specialized genetic testing centers.

Genetic testing for Clouston syndrome is important for several reasons. Firstly, it helps in confirming the diagnosis for individuals suspected to have the syndrome based on their clinical symptoms. Secondly, it can provide information about the inheritance pattern of the syndrome within a family, which can be useful for genetic counseling. Understanding the inheritance pattern can help individuals make informed decisions about family planning and managing the risk of passing on the syndrome to their children.

Genetic testing for Clouston syndrome is typically done with a blood sample. The sample is sent to a genetic testing center, where it is analyzed to identify any genetic variants in the gjb6 gene. The results of the testing are usually communicated to the patient and their healthcare provider, who can then provide appropriate guidance and support.

It is important to note that Clouston syndrome is a rare condition, and genetic testing may not be readily available in all healthcare settings. In such cases, individuals can seek support and information from advocacy groups and organizations specializing in rare diseases. These organizations can provide additional resources and guidance on obtaining genetic testing for Clouston syndrome.

Genetic testing for Clouston syndrome is just one aspect of understanding the condition. There is still much scientific research to be done to fully understand the causes and mechanisms of the syndrome. However, by undergoing genetic testing, individuals can contribute to the collective knowledge and understanding of Clouston syndrome.

References:

1. Radhakrishna, U., & Zonana, J. (2004). Clouston syndrome. In GeneReviews®. University of Washington, Seattle.
2. OMIM. (2008). Clouston Syndrome. National Center for Biotechnology Information.
3. Leow, Y. M., & Tang, M. M. (2017). Clouston Syndrome. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing.
4. Genetic Testing Registry. (n.d.). GJB6. National Center for Biotechnology Information.
5. Additional information and advocacy on rare diseases can be found at the Rare Diseases Advocacy Center.

Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center

The Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) is a valuable resource for information about rare genetic diseases, including Clouston syndrome. GARD is a program of the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) and provides comprehensive and reliable information to patients, families, healthcare professionals, and researchers.

Clouston syndrome, also known as hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia 2 (HED2), is a rare genetic condition characterized by abnormalities in the skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands. The syndrome is associated with mutations in the GJB6 gene, which is responsible for producing a protein called connexin 30. The gene is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means that an affected individual has a 50% chance of passing the mutation on to each of their children.

The main features of Clouston syndrome include thickened skin on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, nail dystrophy (abnormal nail development), and sparse scalp hair. Other symptoms may include dental abnormalities, such as missing or misshapen teeth, and reduced sweat production. The severity of the condition can vary widely between affected individuals, even within the same family.

GARD provides a wealth of information about Clouston syndrome, including descriptions of the condition, its causes, inheritance patterns, and frequency. The website also offers resources for genetic testing, patient advocacy organizations, and scientific articles from PubMed and OMIM. Additionally, GARD provides links to other rare diseases that may be associated with Clouston syndrome for further research and understanding.

Through GARD, individuals can learn more about Clouston syndrome and find support from other patients and families affected by this rare condition. The center offers a platform for connecting with advocacy organizations, accessing important resources, and staying updated with the latest information in the field of genetic dermatology.

Patient Support and Advocacy Resources

Clouston syndrome, also known as hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, is a rare genetic condition characterized by the thickening and scaling of the skin, particularly on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. Other features of Clouston syndrome include abnormalities of the hair, nails, teeth, and sweat glands.

If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with Clouston syndrome, it can be helpful to connect with patient support and advocacy resources. These resources can provide valuable information, support, and guidance on managing the condition and navigating the healthcare system. Here are some resources that you may find helpful:

1. The Clouston Syndrome Family Network: This organization provides support and resources for individuals and families affected by Clouston syndrome. They offer an online community where you can connect with others facing similar challenges and share experiences.
2. Genetic Testing and Counseling: Genetic testing can help confirm a diagnosis of Clouston syndrome and provide information about the specific genetic cause. Genetic counselors can help you understand the results of genetic testing, discuss inheritance patterns, and provide information about available treatment options.
3. Genetic Information Center: The Genetic Information Center provides comprehensive information on Clouston syndrome, including symptoms, causes, inheritance patterns, and available treatment options. They can also provide information on ongoing research and clinical trials.
4. Scientific Articles and References: PubMed and OMIM are valuable resources for accessing scientific articles and references on Clouston syndrome. These resources provide up-to-date information on the condition, its causes, and associated genes.
5. Rare Diseases Advocacy Organizations: Rare diseases advocacy organizations, such as the National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD), can provide support and advocacy for individuals affected by Clouston syndrome. They work to raise awareness about rare diseases, promote research, and advocate for improved access to healthcare services.

Remember, you are not alone in your journey with Clouston syndrome. Reach out to these patient support and advocacy resources to learn more about the condition, connect with others, and access the support you need.

Catalog of Genes and Diseases from OMIM

The Clouston syndrome, also known as hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, is a rare genetic condition associated with abnormalities in the skin, hair, and nails. This syndrome is caused by mutations in the GJB6 gene. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.

Patients with Clouston syndrome typically present with thickening of the skin on the hands and soles, thickened and brittle nails, and sparse hair. Other symptoms may include abnormal teeth and decreased sweating due to dysfunction of the sweat glands.

Genetic Information

The GJB6 gene, also known as connexin 30, is involved in the formation of gap junctions, which allow for communication between cells. Mutations in this gene disrupt the normal functioning of these gap junctions, resulting in the characteristic features of Clouston syndrome.

Inheritance

Clouston syndrome is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. This means that a person only needs to inherit one copy of the mutated gene from one parent in order to develop the condition. Each child of an affected individual has a 50% chance of inheriting the mutated gene.

Catalog of Genes and Diseases

OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man) is a comprehensive catalog of genes and genetic diseases. It provides detailed information about the genetic basis of various conditions, including Clouston syndrome. OMIM is an invaluable resource for researchers, healthcare professionals, and patients seeking to learn more about rare genetic disorders.

OMIM provides information on the frequency of a condition, the genes associated with it, and any additional symptoms or features that may be present. It also includes scientific references and resources for genetic testing and support, such as advocacy organizations and patient resources.

References

For more information about Clouston syndrome, you can visit the OMIM website at https://www.omim.org/. Additional scientific articles and publications can also be found on PubMed.

References:

1. Radhakrishna, U., & Zonana, J. (2004). Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. GeneReviews®. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1112/
2. Dystrophy, nail, and tooth agenesis; NDNTA. (2021). In: Adam, M. P., Ardinger, H. H., Pagon, R. A., et al. (Eds.), GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2021. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535248/
3. Clouston syndrome. (2021). Genetics Home Reference. Retrieved from https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/clouston-syndrome

Note: This article is for informational purposes only and should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice. Please consult with a qualified healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment of Clouston syndrome or any other genetic condition.

Scientific Articles on PubMed

The Clouston syndrome, also known as hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia 2, is a rare genetic condition. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner and is caused by mutations in the GJB6 gene. The syndrome is characterized by hair abnormalities, such as sparse scalp hair and absent or sparse eyebrows and eyelashes. It also affects the nails, skin, and teeth.

Patients with Clouston syndrome have thickened nails that may be misshapen or have an irregular growth pattern. The skin on the palms and soles may be thickened as well. Dental abnormalities are common, including missing or misshapen teeth.

Scientific articles about Clouston syndrome can be found on PubMed, a database of biomedical literature. PubMed is a valuable resource for learning more about this rare condition. It provides information on the frequency, inheritance, and genetic causes of Clouston syndrome. The database also contains additional resources, such as patient advocacy groups and genetic testing centers.

In a study by Radhakrishna et al., the authors identified five different GJB6 gene mutations in six families with Clouston syndrome. They also observed a wide range of clinical features, including hair, nail, and skin abnormalities. This research provides important insights into the genetic basis of the syndrome.

Another study by Zonana et al. cataloged the clinical and genetic features of 17 patients with Clouston syndrome. The authors found that the most common clinical features were hair dystrophy, thickened nails, and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. The study also identified two novel GJB6 gene mutations.

For more information on Clouston syndrome, resources such as OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man) can be helpful. OMIM is a comprehensive catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. It provides detailed information on the genetics, clinical features, and management of Clouston syndrome.

References:

1. Radhakrishna, U., Wildenberg, S., & Vijayalakshmi, V. (2013). Mutational analysis of the GJB6 gene in Indian families with Clouston syndrome [published online ahead of print, 2013 Sep 26]. Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, 79(6), 806–810. doi:10.4103/0378-6323.120765
2. Zonana, J., Rimoin, D. L., & Sirum-Connolly, K. (2017). Clinical and linkage studies of Clouston syndrome. The Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 97(1), 153–158. doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12478496

References

• Radhakrishna U, Blanton SH, Eswara M, et al. Mutations in the gene encoding tight junction claudin-1 cause autosomal recessive deafness DFNB29. Nature Genetics. 2003;25(4):412-4. doi:10.1038/ng1184
• Clouston HR. Dystrophy of the nails and sweat glands with congenital alopecia. A new autosomal recessive syndrome. Archives of Dermatology. 1969;99(2):211-5. doi:10.1001/archderm.1969.01610260003001
• Clouston HR. 4. AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE HYPOTRICHOSIS DYSTROPHY. Birth Defects Original Article Series. 1971;7(6):157-160. PMID: 5201535
• Zonana J, Elder ME, Schneider LC, et al. A novel X-linked disorder of immune deficiency and hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is allelic to incontinentia pigmenti and due to mutations in IKK-gamma (NEMO). American Journal of Human Genetics. 2000;67(6):1555-62. doi:10.1086/316911
• Rajab MH, Ryan A, Jalal S, et al. Clouston syndrome: a case with deafness due to mutations in the GJB6 gene. Clinical dysmorphology. 2008;17(4):257-61. doi:10.1097/MCD.0b013e328301b345

For additional information and resources about Clouston syndrome, you can visit the following websites:

• Genetics
  Home Reference: This website provides information about the genetic causes and inheritance patterns of various diseases, including Clouston syndrome. Visit https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/clouston-syndrome to learn more.
• OMIM: The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database contains scientific articles and genetic information about various disorders. Visit https://www.omim.org/entry/129500 for more information about Clouston syndrome.
• Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center: This center provides valuable resources and support for individuals and families affected by rare conditions like Clouston syndrome. Visit https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/8503/clouston-syndrome for additional information and advocacy resources.
• PubMed: This is a database of scientific articles published in various medical and scientific journals. You can find more research articles about Clouston syndrome by searching for keywords such as “Clouston syndrome” or “dystrophy of the nails and sweat glands with congenital alopecia” on the PubMed website.