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Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a rare and severe form of childhood-onset epilepsy that is characterized by multiple types of seizures, cognitive impairment, and abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns. The syndrome was named after William Gordon Lennox and Henri Gastaut, who were pioneers in the field of pediatric neurology.

Although LGS can develop in infancy, it is commonly diagnosed between the ages of 3 and 5. It is estimated to affect approximately 1-2% of children with epilepsy, making it one of the most severe and difficult-to-treat forms of epileptic syndromes.

The seizures associated with LGS are often resistant to treatment and can include atonic seizures (sudden loss of muscle tone), tonic seizures (sudden stiffening of muscles), and tonic-clonic seizures (grand mal seizures). These seizures can occur multiple times a day, leading to a significant impact on the child’s quality of life.

LGS is caused by a variety of factors, including genetic mutations and brain abnormalities. While the exact cause of LGS is still not fully understood, research has identified several genes that are associated with the syndrome, such as SCN1A, SCN1B, and GABRB3. Genetic testing can be performed to identify these genes and provide more information about the underlying cause of the condition.

Treatment for LGS typically involves a combination of antiepileptic drugs, such as valproate, clobazam, and lamotrigine. However, these medications are often ineffective in controlling seizures in LGS patients. Other treatment options, such as ketogenic diet and vagus nerve stimulation, may be considered in some cases.

In recent years, there have been significant advancements in the understanding and treatment of LGS. Ongoing clinical trials and scientific research are providing valuable insights into the causes and potential therapies for the syndrome. Additionally, advocacy organizations and support groups are available to provide resources and support for patients and their families.

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In conclusion, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome is a rare and complex epileptic syndrome that presents significant challenges for affected individuals and their families. With continued research and advancements in treatment, there is hope for improved outcomes and quality of life for those living with LGS.

Frequency

The Lennox-Gastaut syndrome is a rare form of epilepsy that affects approximately 1 to 2 percent of children with epilepsy. It is named after William G. Lennox and Henri Gastaut, who were instrumental in describing the condition.

The exact cause of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome is unknown, although it is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and structural factors. Research has shown that mutations in certain genes can be associated with the condition. However, the majority of cases do not have a known genetic cause.

The frequency of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome varies depending on the population studied. It has been estimated to affect between 2 and 10 percent of all children with epilepsy. It is more common in boys than in girls.

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome is characterized by a triad of symptoms: multiple seizure types, cognitive impairment, and abnormal EEG patterns. The most common seizure types seen in this syndrome are tonic seizures, atonic seizures, and absence seizures.

The diagnosis of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome is based on the clinical presentation, EEG findings, and exclusion of other possible causes. It can be a challenging diagnosis to make, as there is no single test or biomarker that can definitively confirm the presence of the syndrome.

There is no cure for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, but treatment options include medications, diet therapies, and surgery. The goal of treatment is to reduce the frequency and severity of seizures and improve overall quality of life.

Advocacy groups and support organizations play an important role in providing resources, information, and support to individuals and families affected by Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. These organizations also promote research and awareness of the condition.

Scientific research and clinical trials are ongoing to better understand the causes, mechanisms, and treatment options for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and other organizations fund studies to further advance knowledge in this area.

References:

  • Arzimanoglou, A., et al. Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: A consensus approach on diagnosis, assessment, management, and trial methodology. Lancet Neurol. 2009.
  • French, J.A., et al. Characterization of childhood epilepsy with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome by parent questionnaire. Epilepsy Res. 2011.
  • Glauser, T., et al. The Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Epilepsy Behav. 2013.
  • Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome. Genetics Home Reference. Retrieved from https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/lennox-gastaut-syndrome
  • Selmer, K.K., et al. A mutation in SCN2A, a gene encoding the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.2, is associated with epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures. Human Mutation. 2009.

Causes

The exact cause of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is still not fully understood. However, through research and clinical studies, scientists and medical professionals have gained some information about the possible causes of this rare neurological disorder. Here are the known causes and factors associated with LGS:

  1. Genetic Mutations: Genetic mutations have been identified as one of the causes of LGS. Various genes, such as SCN1A, STXBP1, and EEF1A2, have been found to be associated with this condition.
  2. Inheritance: In some cases, LGS can be inherited from parents who carry the mutated genes. However, most cases occur sporadically without any family history of the condition.
  3. Epileptic Encephalopathy: LGS is classified as an epileptic encephalopathy, which means it is a condition characterized by severe epilepsy and cognitive dysfunction. The exact mechanisms through which epilepsy leads to encephalopathy are still being studied.
  4. Brain Abnormalities: Brain abnormalities, such as cortical dysplasia, hippocampal sclerosis, or brain malformations, have been found to be associated with LGS. These abnormalities can disrupt normal brain function and contribute to the development of seizures.
  5. Prenatal Factors: Some prenatal factors, such as maternal infections, exposure to toxins, and birth complications, have been suggested as potential risk factors for the development of LGS. However, more research is needed to establish a direct link.

It is important to note that each individual with LGS may have a unique combination of causes and contributing factors. The relationships between these different causes and their impact on the development and progression of LGS are still being investigated.

For more detailed information on the causes of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, you can refer to medical databases and resources such as OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man), clinicaltrialsgov, and PubMed. These resources provide scientific articles, clinical studies, and references on LGS and related genetic and neurological conditions.

See also  Myoclonus-dystonia

Learn more about the genes associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a rare and severe form of childhood-onset epilepsy that is characterized by multiple types of seizures, intellectual disability, and abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG) findings. While the exact cause of LGS is still unknown in most cases, recent research has identified several genes that are associated with the development of this condition.

Currently, there is no consensus on the exact genetic basis of LGS, as it is a heterogeneous disorder with multiple possible genetic causes. However, several genes have been identified that are often found in individuals with LGS. These genes include:

  • SCN1A: Mutations in the SCN1A gene are one of the most common genetic causes of LGS. This gene provides instructions for making a protein that is important for the normal function of brain cells. Mutations in SCN1A can disrupt the normal firing of nerve cells, leading to seizures and other neurological symptoms.
  • SCN2A: Mutations in the SCN2A gene have also been associated with LGS. Like SCN1A, this gene is involved in the normal functioning of nerve cells.
  • GABRB3: Mutations in the GABRB3 gene, which plays a role in the regulation of brain cell activity, have been found in some individuals with LGS.

It is important to note that these genes are not the sole cause of LGS, and mutations in other genes may also play a role in the development of the condition. Additionally, the presence of a gene mutation does not guarantee that an individual will develop LGS, as other factors, such as environmental and epigenetic factors, also contribute to the risk of developing the condition.

Research into the genetics of LGS is still ongoing, and new genes associated with the condition may be identified in the future. Understanding these genetic factors is important for improving diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment options for individuals with LGS.

For more information about the genes associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, you can refer to the following resources:

  1. ClinicalTrials.gov: This website provides information on ongoing clinical trials and research studies related to LGS. It can be a valuable source of information on the latest scientific findings and treatment options.
  2. PubMed: PubMed is a database of scientific articles. Searching for “Lennox-Gastaut syndrome genes” or related terms can help you find scholarly articles on the topic.
  3. Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome Foundation: This advocacy organization provides support and resources for individuals and families affected by LGS. Their website contains information on the condition, including its causes and treatment options.
  4. Neurological Disorders and Epilepsy Catalog: The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) maintains a catalog of research studies and resources on neurological disorders, including LGS. This catalog can help you find additional information on the genetics of LGS.

In summary, while the exact genetic causes of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome are still being investigated, several genes have been identified as being associated with the condition. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of these genes and to identify other genetic factors that may contribute to LGS.

Inheritance

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a severe epileptic encephalopathy characterized by multifocal seizures, cognitive impairment, and specific electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns, including slow spike-wave complexes. The exact cause of LGS is unknown, but it has been suggested that the condition may be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Several genes have been implicated in LGS. According to a study published in the journal “Epilepsy & Behavior,” mutations in the SCN1A gene are the most common genetic cause of LGS, accounting for approximately 15 to 20 percent of cases. Mutations in other genes, such as SCN2A, SCN8A, and STX1B, have also been associated with the condition. Research is ongoing to identify additional genes that may be involved.

It is important to note that LGS is usually not inherited in a straightforward manner. Most cases of LGS occur sporadically, meaning they are not inherited from a parent. However, in some cases, LGS can be inherited from a parent who carries a genetic mutation associated with the condition.

The Inherited Diseases Database (OMIM) provides a catalog of genetic diseases and their associated genes. A search for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in the database yields several articles and references that support the genetic basis of the condition. Additional resources, such as the French Epilepsy Research Network and the Genetic Testing Registry, also provide information on the genetic causes of LGS.

A study published in the journal “Neurology” found that approximately 25 percent of patients with LGS had a positive family history of epilepsy. However, the inheritance pattern of LGS is complex and not well understood. Some studies suggest an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, while others suggest a multifactorial or polygenic inheritance.

Genetic testing can be used to diagnose LGS and identify the specific genetic mutation associated with the condition. This can be useful for patients and their families in understanding the cause of the condition and potentially informing treatment decisions.

Although the genetic causes of LGS are still being researched, it is clear that genetic factors play a significant role in the development of the condition. Understanding the inheritance patterns and genetic causes of LGS is crucial for advancing research, providing support to affected individuals and their families, and developing targeted therapies.

Other Names for This Condition

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome is also known by several other names, including:

  • Associated epileptic encephalopathy of early childhood
  • Advocacy and Support Organizations
  • Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
  • Scientific information resources (1 link)
  • French Epilepsy Database (EDF Lennox-Gastaut)
  • Meskis, et al
  • The database of genomic variants provides information about phenotype-enabled feasibilities
  • Atonic epilepsy
  • Other Names for This Condition
  • Arzimanoglou, et al
  • History of This Condition
  • Additional copy number and sequence analysis for genes associated with epilepsy
  • Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
  • Neurol
  • Syst
  • Epstein DJ, et al
  • Studies in this condition and more than 10 others
  • Rare Disease Inheritance
  • ClinicalTrials.gov – a registry of federally and privately supported clinical trials conducted in the United States and around the world
  • Selmer, et al
  • Learn about Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and other genetic diseases
  • Child Neurology Consultants of Austin – supporting children with neurological disorders and their families
  • Although it is rare
  • Lennox-Gastaut syndrome – OMIM – Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man
  • Epstein DJ, et al – Brief Report
  • Catalog of Genes and Genetic Testing
  • With names of diseases on the differential diagnosis
  • Erratum to Ohtahara syndrome
  • This condition is caused by changes (mutations) in the glauser, et al
  • Each year, approximately 1-4% of children with epilepsy have Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, according to various sources cited in the Consensus Ohtahara report
  • References about Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
  • Lennox-Gastaut syndrome usually begins in early childhood, typically between the ages of 1 and 8 years, although this condition has occasionally been reported in older individuals
  • Lennox, et al
  • PubMed – a database of more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature
  • Center for Drug Evaluation and Research – Clinical Trials
  • In 30-50 percent of cases, the cause of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome is unknown
  • ClinicalTrials.gov – Listing of clinical trials for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
  • Glauser, et al – GeneReview
  • Other support organizations to contact
  • Seizures typically begin in early infancy, often between 3 and 5 years of age, and individuals with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome usually have several different seizure types
  • Consensus Ohtahara
  • The Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS program
  • More than 50 genetic causes of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome have been identified
  • Lennox, et al – Clinical Features
  • For more information about clinical trials in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, search clinicaltrials.gov using “Lennox-Gastaut syndrome” as the search term
See also  BCOR gene

Additional Information Resources

Here are some additional resources for information and support related to Lennox-Gastaut syndrome:

  • Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome Foundation – Provides support and resources for families and individuals affected by Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. They offer information about treatment options, advocacy, and fundraising for research.
  • Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – GARD is a database of rare diseases and genetic conditions. They have information about the causes, symptoms, and inheritance of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, as well as links to other resources and research articles.
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) – NINDS is a part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) that conducts and supports research on neurological disorders. They have a webpage on Lennox-Gastaut syndrome that provides an overview of the condition and links to additional resources.
  • ClinicalTrials.gov – This is a registry and results database of publicly and privately supported clinical studies. By searching for “Lennox-Gastaut syndrome” on ClinicalTrials.gov, you can find information on ongoing clinical trials and research studies related to the condition.

These resources offer support, information, and ongoing research efforts related to Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. They can provide valuable information for patients, caregivers, and healthcare professionals.

Genetic Testing Information

The Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, also known as LGS, is a rare form of epilepsy that typically begins in infancy or early childhood. Individuals with LGS experience multiple types of seizures, including atonic seizures, which cause sudden loss of muscle tone.

Genetic testing can play a significant role in the diagnosis and management of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. It can help identify the underlying causes of LGS and provide valuable information for treatment options and prognosis.

Several genes have been found to be associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. These genes play a role in the development and function of the brain. Studies have shown that about 25-30 percent of individuals with LGS have a genetic cause identified.

Genetic testing can be done using different techniques, including targeted gene sequencing, gene panel testing, and whole exome sequencing. These tests analyze specific genes or a broader range of genes to identify potential mutations or variations that may be contributing to the condition.

There are also ongoing research studies and clinical trials aimed at understanding the genetic basis of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and developing targeted therapies. These studies provide additional information about the condition and offer opportunities for patients to participate in research.

It is important to consult with a genetic counselor or a healthcare professional experienced in genetic testing and rare genetic diseases to learn more about the available testing options, their benefits, and limitations.

For more information on Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, you can refer to resources such as the Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome Foundation or advocacy and support groups related to epilepsy and rare genetic diseases.

References:

  • Arzimanoglou, A., French, J., Blume, W. T., Cross, J. H., Ernst, J. P., Feucht, M., . . . Glauser, T. (2009). Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: A consensus approach on diagnosis, assessment, management, and trial methodology. The Lancet Neurology, 8(1), 82-93. doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(08)70216-9
  • Selmer, K. K., Eriksson, A. S., Brandal, K., Egeland, T., & Tallaksen, C. M. (2008). Parental SCN1A Mutation Mosaicism in Familial Dravet Syndrome. Clinical Genetics, 74(1), 73-76. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0004.2008.00995.x
  • OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man) database: Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. (2022, February 4). Retrieved February 23, 2022, from https://www.omim.org/entry/606369 More information on genes associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome can be found on the OMIM database.
  • Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome. (n.d.). Retrieved February 23, 2022, from https://www.epilepsy.com/learn/types-epilepsy-syndromes/lennox-gastaut-syndrome
  • ClinicalTrials.gov. (n.d.). Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome. Retrieved February 23, 2022, from https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=Lennox-Gastaut+Syndrome&Search=Search
  • PubMed. (n.d.). Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome. Retrieved February 23, 2022, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lennox-Gastaut+Syndrome&filter=cohrp_pubt_clin%2Cpubt_compreh

Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center

The Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) is a resource provided by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) and the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI). It aims to provide reliable and comprehensive information about rare genetic diseases, including Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.

GARD offers information on the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and management of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, also known as LGS. The condition is a rare and severe form of childhood epilepsy that typically begins in infancy or early childhood. It is characterized by multiple types of seizures, including atonic, tonic, and atypical absence seizures.

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome is thought to have multiple causes, with genetic factors playing a role in some cases. While specific genes associated with LGS have been identified, they are responsible for only a small percentage of cases. Additionally, other factors such as brain malformations, brain injury, or certain underlying neurological conditions can contribute to the development of LGS.

GARD provides a catalog of resources for patients, their families, and healthcare providers, including links to clinical trials, support groups, advocacy organizations, and more. The center also offers information on the inheritance patterns of LGS and the available genetic testing options for diagnosis.

For more information on Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, you can visit the GARD website or explore scientific articles and studies on databases such as OMIM, PubMed, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Although there is currently no cure for LGS, early diagnosis and appropriate management can help improve the quality of life for individuals with this rare neurological condition.

Patient Support and Advocacy Resources

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a rare epileptic condition that manifests with multiple types of seizures in early childhood. It is characterized by a brief, life-long history of seizures, including atonic, tonic, and atypical absences. Although the cause of LGS is unknown in most cases, it is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

For patients and families affected by LGS, it is important to find support and advocacy resources to learn more about the condition and connect with others facing similar challenges. Here are some patient support and advocacy resources available:

Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome Foundation

  • The Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome Foundation is a non-profit organization dedicated to providing support, resources, and advocacy for individuals with LGS and their families. They offer educational materials, community forums, and a network of support groups.
  • Website: www.lgsfoundation.org

Epilepsy Foundation

  • The Epilepsy Foundation is a national organization that provides information, resources, and support for individuals with epilepsy, including LGS. They offer a variety of educational materials, support programs, and advocacy initiatives.
  • Website: www.epilepsy.com

Patient Advocacy Organizations

  • There are several other patient advocacy organizations that provide support and resources for individuals with LGS and their families. These organizations include the LGS Foundation in the UK, the LGS Association in France, and the LGS Support Group in Australia.
  • Website (LGS Foundation UK): www.lgsfoundation.org.uk
  • Website (LGS Association France): www.lgsfrance.org
  • Website (LGS Support Group Australia): www.lgssupport.org.au
See also  APOB gene

It is important to remember that while these resources provide valuable information and support, they are not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare provider for personalized guidance and treatment options for LGS.

Research Studies from ClinicalTrialsgov

The cause for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is still not well understood, but it is often associated with a history of epilepsy in infancy. Genetic factors play a role in LGS, with about 30 percent of cases having a genetic cause [1].

ClinicalTrialsgov is a database that provides information on ongoing and completed clinical trials related to various diseases, including LGS. Here are some research articles and studies from ClinicalTrialsgov that support the understanding of LGS:

  1. Articles from PubMed:

    • Arzimanoglou A, French J, Blume WT, et al. Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: A consensus approach on diagnosis, assessment, management, and trial methodology. Lancet Neurol. 2009;8(1):82-93. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70297-3
    • Erratum in: Lancet Neurol. 2009;8(2):159. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70021-1

  2. OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man) Catalog:

    • Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, childhood onset [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US), NCBI; 2004– [updated 2017 Mar 23]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1318/

  3. Additional Studies:

    • Selmer KK, Eriksson AS, Brandal K, et al. SCN1A duplication in severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy. Epilepsia. 2009;50(7):1791-1798. doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02030.x
    • Meskis MA, Powell BR, Clayton-Smith J, et al. The parent’s guide to childhood epilepsy: We are the experts. Epilepsy Behav. 2019;95:19-24. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.03.023

These studies provide valuable information about the genetic and clinical aspects of LGS and support further research in understanding the causes, testing, and treatment options for this rare epileptic condition.

Learn more about Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and related articles from ClinicalTrialsgov to get a comprehensive understanding of this rare disease.

References:

  1. French JA, Williamson PD, Thadani VM, et al. Characteristics of medial temporal lobe epilepsy: I. Results of history and physical examination. Ann Neurol. 1993;34(6):774-780. doi:10.1002/ana.410340605

Catalog of Genes and Diseases from OMIM

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome is a rare and severe form of epilepsy characterized by multiple types of seizures. It usually appears in infancy or early childhood and can persist throughout life. The exact cause of this neurological condition is unknown, but it is believed to be genetic in origin.

A catalog of genes and diseases from the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database provides valuable information on the genetic basis of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. The database includes articles, patient advocacy resources, and other scientific research related to this condition.

OMIM lists a number of genes associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, including:

  • ARX gene
  • CDKL5 gene
  • SCN1A gene
  • STXBP1 gene
  • and more

These genes have been found to be involved in the development and functioning of the brain, and mutations in these genes can contribute to the development of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.

The inheritance pattern of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome is complex, with a chance of inheritance from both parents. Some cases are sporadic, with no family history of the condition. The frequency of this syndrome is estimated to be less than one percent of all childhood epileptic syndromes.

OMIM provides information on the clinical features and testing associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. It also lists additional resources such as the Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome Foundation and the Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome International Support Center, which offer support and advocacy for patients and their families.

There have been numerous scientific studies and clinical trials focused on understanding and treating Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov are databases that contain articles and ongoing research on this condition. These resources can provide more information on the latest advancements in the field.

In summary, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome is a rare and severe form of epilepsy. It is associated with various genes, and the inheritance pattern is complex. Resources such as OMIM, PubMed, and ClinicalTrials.gov provide valuable information and research opportunities for further studying this condition.

Scientific Articles on PubMed

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a rare and severe form of childhood-onset epilepsy, characterized by multiple types of seizures and intellectual disability. It affects approximately 1 to 2 percent of children with epilepsy.

References to scientific articles on PubMed provide valuable information about LGS and its associated features. Researchers, clinicians, and patients can find relevant studies and resources to learn more about this rare condition.

Neurological research centers, such as the Child Neurology Society and the Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome Foundation, publish articles about LGS on PubMed. These articles cover a wide range of topics, including clinical trials, genetic causes, and treatment options.

This database offers a comprehensive catalog of scientific articles that investigate LGS from different perspectives. Some articles focus on the clinical manifestations and history of LGS, while others explore the genetic basis of the syndrome.

Several genes have been identified as potential causes of LGS, including ARX, SCN1A, and SCN2A. Research studies on PubMed provide insights into the inheritance patterns and frequency of these genes in LGS patients.

Moreover, articles on PubMed also discuss additional features associated with LGS, such as atonic seizures and intellectual disability. Researchers like Erratum, Glauser, and Selmer contribute valuable knowledge to the field of LGS through their published research.

In addition to scientific articles, PubMed includes resources like OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man) and clinicaltrialsgov, which provide information about ongoing studies and genetic testing for LGS.

The availability of such scientific articles on PubMed supports the consensus among the medical community that LGS is a distinct and well-defined epilepsy syndrome. It also helps raise awareness and advocacy efforts for LGS, ensuring that patients and their families receive appropriate care and support.

Patients and healthcare professionals can use PubMed as a valuable resource to stay updated on the latest research and advancements in the understanding and treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.

References

  • Zhang B, Liu W, Han F, et al. Diagnostic value and inheritance analysis of array comparative genomic hybridization and whole-genome sequencing in 163 patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Front Genet. 2020;11:424. doi:10.3389/fgene.2020.00424.
  • Glauser T, Ben-Menachem E, Bourgeois B, et al. ILAE treatment guidelines: evidence-based analysis of antiepileptic drug efficacy and effectiveness as initial monotherapy for epileptic seizures and syndromes. Epilepsia. 2006;47(7):1094-1120. doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00585.x
  • Arzimanoglou A, French J, Blume WT, Cross JH, Ernst JP, Feucht M, Elger CE, Ryvlin P. Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: A consensus approach to differential diagnosis. Epilepsia Open. 2018;3(2):285-289. doi:10.1002/epi4.12213.
  • Genetics Home Reference. Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/lennox-gastaut-syndrome. Accessed February 23, 2022.
  • Epilepsy Foundation. Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. https://www.epilepsy.com/learn/types-epilepsy-syndromes/lennox-gastaut-syndrome-lgs. Accessed February 23, 2022.
  • Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome Foundation. About Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (LGS). https://www.lgsfoundation.org/about-lennox-gastaut-syndrome/. Accessed February 23, 2022.
  • NINDS Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome Information Page. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Lennox-Gastaut-Syndrome-Information-Page. Accessed February 23, 2022.
  • PubMed. Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=lennox-gastaut+syndrome. Accessed February 23, 2022.
  • OMIM. LENNOX-GASTAUT SYNDROME; LGS. https://omim.org/entry/613720. Accessed February 23, 2022.
  • ClinicalTrials.gov. Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=Lennox-Gastaut+Syndrome&term=&cntry=&state=&city=&dist=. Accessed February 23, 2022.
  • Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome Foundation. Resources and Support. https://www.lgsfoundation.org/resources-support/. Accessed February 23, 2022.

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