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Why You Have Chills but No Fever

Infections can cause chills with or without a fever. Infectious viruses (and bacteria, but more on those in a moment) can act directly on your nervous system and indirectly influence it through protein molecules that tell neural cells that your body temperature is too low, says Dr. Romanovsky. The result: You feel cold, and your body kicks in with shivering and other natural mechanisms to heat you up.

7 Causes for Chills Without Fever and Tips for Treatment

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You may experience chills without fever due to exposure to cold temperatures, intense exercise, or certain health conditions. Treatment depends on the underlying cause.

Chills (shivering) are caused by rapid alternation between muscle contractions and relaxation. These muscle contractions are a way your body tries to warm itself up when you’re cold.

Chills are often, though not always, associated with fever. Sometimes, they precede the onset of fever, especially if the fever is caused by an infection. Other times, they occur without a spike in temperature. Chills may or may not be serious, depending on the underlying cause.

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Chills without fever can be caused by a number of conditions.

1. Exposure to cold

You may experience chills because you are in a very cold place, such as the ocean or a pool, or outside on a chilly day. You can also get chills if your clothing becomes damp or wet. You can get chills indoors, too, if the air-conditioning is set too cold or the heat isn’t hot enough.

As the human body ages, it has a more difficult time regulating body temperatureTrusted Source , even in healthy older adults. Medical conditions such as diabetes and heart disease can make the problem worse.

These types of chills should dissipate as soon as your body warms up. However, if you experience continual shaking when you have been exposed to intense cold, you may have developed complications such as hypothermia or frostbite, which are both potentially serious.

Other symptoms of these conditions can include:

numbness
changes in skin color
slurred speech
extreme drowsiness
stinging or burning sensation, particularly in the fingers, toes, ears, or nose
blisters

Seek immediate medical help if you suspect hypothermia or frostbite.

2. Medication side effect

Chills without fever may result from taking certain medications or combinations of medications. They may also occur if you take the incorrect dosage of an over-the-counter medication, herbal supplement, or prescription drug.

Always read the potential side effects information included with medication packaging. If you suspect that you’re having chills because of a drug or drugs you use, let your doctor or pharmacist know immediately. Depending on the severity, you may require medical attention.

3. Reaction to extreme physical activity

Marathon running or other forms of extreme sports that require intense physical exertion may cause changes to your core body temperature. That can result in chills.

This response can happen in any type of weather but may be more likely to occur in very cold or very hot temperatures:

In hot temperatures, heat exhaustion and dehydration may cause this reaction.
In cold temperatures, hypothermia and dehydration may be the cause.

In both instances, other symptoms you might experience include:

goosebumps
muscle cramping
dizziness
fatigue
nausea and vomiting

You can avoid chills from exercise by remaining hydrated and dressing appropriately for your workouts. Consider avoiding exercise during the coldest or hottest times of day and also limiting the duration of time spent in intense activity.

4. Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid)

An underactive thyroid is a thyroid gland that doesn’t produce enough of the hormones needed to regulate metabolic rate or support overall health. This condition can cause an increased sensitivity to cold, resulting in chills.

Additional symptoms associated with hypothyroidism include:

puffiness in the face
unexplained weight gain
dry skin, nails, and hair
muscle weakness, pain, or stiffness
depression or feelings of sadness
trouble with memory
constipation

Hypothyroidism is diagnosed through a blood test. It’s a treatable condition and typically requires daily medication.

5. Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia occurs if blood sugar levels dip abnormally low. If you have diabetes, it may be a sign that your medication or diet needs to be adjusted. It’s also possible to experience hypoglycemia without diabetes.

Hypoglycemia requires immediate treatment to get blood sugar levels back to normal. One of the symptoms of hypoglycemia is a feeling of shakiness or muscle weakness, which may mimic chills. Other symptoms of this condition include:

sweating
irritability
heart palpitations
tingling feelings around the mouth
confusion
seizures
blurred vision

6. Malnutrition

Malnutrition occurs when your body lacks necessary nutrients. This can happen because of poor access to nutritious foods, an underlying condition that affects your body’s ability to properly absorb nutrients, or an eating disorder, like anorexia. Without the correct balance of nutrients, your body can’t properly function.

Other symptoms of malnutrition include:

fatigue or sleepiness
weakness
difficulty concentrating
pale skin
rashes
heart palpitations
feeling faint or lightheaded, or fainting
tingling or numbness of the joints or extremities
in women, missed periods, heavy menstrual cycles, or infertility

Talk to your doctor if you suspect malnutrition. This is a serious condition that can lead to complications if left untreated.

7. Emotional reaction

Chills can occur if you have a profound or intense emotional reaction to a situation. Emotions that might cause chills include fear or anxiety.

Chills can also be caused by experiences that move you deeply in a positive way, such as listening to music or inspirational words.

This is sometimes referred to as a “frisson.” It may also be called “chills going up the spine” or “goosebumps.” This type of emotional reaction may be causedTrusted Source by neurobiological mechanisms that trigger the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter.

Chills without fever can become serious if you’re experiencing frostbite or hypothermia. These conditions can quickly become a medical emergency requiring immediate intervention or care.

Other conditions that cause chills, such as hypothyroidism, require medical support but may not warrant a visit to the emergency room. If you have the symptoms of this thyroid condition, make an appointment to see your doctor and ask about getting a diagnostic blood test.

If you have symptoms of hypoglycemia but haven’t been diagnosed with diabetes, contact your doctor or call your local emergency medical services immediately. If you have diabetes and hypoglycemia symptoms that don’t improve with at-home treatment, seek medical help immediately.

If you have diabetes and your chills are caused by hypoglycemia, take a glucose tablet if you have one. Buy some here. Other ways of balancing your sugar levels include drinking orange juice or regular soda, or eating a few pieces of candy.

If your chills are caused by extreme cold, make sure to get yourself dry if you are wet. Layer up and make sure to cover your head, hands, and feet so that you can capture and maintain as much body heat as possible. Soaking in a warm bath may also help alleviate chills caused by extreme cold. Just make sure to put on warm, dry clothes after you’re done bathing.

If your chills don’t dissipate quickly, talk to your doctor about other treatments that might help.

Chills without fever can often be rectified with at-home treatments or with modifications of behaviors, such as changing your workout routine. They may also be a sign of a medical condition that requires treatment.

Talk to your doctor if you have chills that don’t go away or if you regularly experience unexplained chills.

Last medically reviewed on January 28, 2018

Why You Have Chills but No Fever

Here’s when goose bumps and shivers are worth worrying about.

By Julie Stewart Published: Jun 29, 2022

anandaBGD // Getty Images

Sometimes the shivers feel great, like when caused by a passionate new romance as Ed Sheeran describes in his hit song entitled Shivers, of course. But if you start feeling cold and shaky out of the blue, you might wonder whether something is wrong. Sometimes the chills come with a fever, giving you a major clue that you’re sick. If not? You might feel even more confused.

“It’s really common, and there are a number of reasons why it happens,” says Jeffrey Quinlan, M.D., FAAFP. Quinlan is chair and departmental executive officer of the Department of Family Medicine in the University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine.

Our bodies are equipped with intricate systems that tightly regulate our body temperature, keeping it in a healthy zone, which is about 97 to 99 degrees Fahrenheit. Many problems, ranging from minor to severe, can leave you feeling like you suddenly stepped into a walk-in freezer.

“If you’re having recurrent chills, in particular, and there’s no other real reason for them, that’s a reason to see your physician, because it could be a number of things,” says Dr. Quinlan.

Here are a few health concerns or circumstances that can cause chills without a fever.

Being too cold, especially from a chilly workout

OK, maybe this one’s obvious, but the most common reason for chills with no fever is that you’re actually cold. Maybe you didn’t realize your air conditioning kicked on so high, or you pushed too hard during a workout in a cold, wet climate.

Here’s what happens: Your skin has special receptors that sense the cold and send messages to your brain telling you it’s time to warm up. As a result, you might adjust your behavior by moving to a warmer environment or layering on a blanket or more clothes, says Andrej A. Romanovsky, M.D., Ph.D., FAPS, an Arizona State University professor and researcher who studies body temperature regulation and CEO and founder of Zharko Pharma. However, if you stay in a cold environment, your blood vessels can start to constrict to limit heat loss. Next, you might start shivering. Your muscles are contracting to increase your body’s heat production and raise your temperature.

RossHelen // Getty Images

“Shivering is very expensive because it involves burning energy,” says Dr. Romanovsky. “These discoordinated, high-frequency movements interfere with your performance, and so shivering is turned on usually relatively late during cold exposure.” (Receptors in our skin also respond to certain chemicals by making us feel chilly, says Dr. Romanovsky. That’s how a toothpaste or muscle rub with menthol can give you goosebumps.)

What can you do? Warm up and dry off, if necessary. Wet clothing can send you into the shiver zone especially fast. “As your body heats up, your natural body heat will cause evaporation of the water in your clothes, and so that just takes more heat from your body and makes you more likely to have more chills if your clothes are wet versus dry,” says Dr. Quinlan.

A workout in cold temperatures can also induce chills fast. The activity of your muscles produces heat, but once you stop exercising, that heat dissipates and can ultimately lower your body temperature, says Dr. Quinlan. You might even develop muscle cramps, nausea, or vomiting as a result.

Viral infections such as Covid-19

Infections can cause chills with or without a fever. Infectious viruses (and bacteria, but more on those in a moment) can act directly on your nervous system and indirectly influence it through protein molecules that tell neural cells that your body temperature is too low, says Dr. Romanovsky. The result: You feel cold, and your body kicks in with shivering and other natural mechanisms to heat you up.

Although fever is a common symptom of Covid-19, some people infected with the coronavirus report chills without a fever. So, if you have chills along with other common Covid-19 symptoms, such as a sore throat, runny nose, nausea and vomiting, fatigue, cough, or diarrhea, it’s worth taking a Covid-19 test, says Dr. Quinlan.

Bacterial infections

If a bacterial infection goes untreated for too long, it can make you really sick. Often, this results in a fever, but chills sans fever have been reported in people with a range of infections, too. Typically, chills won’t be your only symptom of a bacterial infection, says Dr. Quinlan.

One potentially life-threatening example is meningitis, which can cause chills with or without a fever along with symptoms like a stiff neck, sensitivity to light and sound, and lethargy. Those symptoms warrant a trip to the emergency department, says Dr. Quinlan.

Another example is malaria, which can make people feel chilly and shivering one minute and hot and sweaty the next. Consult a doctor if you’ve recently traveled to a destination where malaria is common—the CDC website maintains a list.

Sometimes people with Lyme disease also report chills with no fever, says Dr. Quinlan. If you have a history of a tick bite, especially if you’ve seen a bullseye-shaped rash at the site of the bite, contact your doctor.

With bacterial infections, prompt treatment with the right antibiotic is critical. If you suspect this is the cause of your chills, see a healthcare provider right away.

Anxiety or fear

That surge of adrenaline that happens when you’re scared or super stressed? It can actually make you shiver, says Dr. Romanovsky. That’s because adrenergic nerves are part of a loop of chemical and electrical signals that temporarily activate your body’s shivering response when you experience anxiety or fear. Through similar pathways, strong positive feelings can also give you chills.

Low blood sugar

Low blood sugar, or hypoglycemia, can make you feel cold and shaky. “If your body doesn’t have enough sugar, it is going to look for ways to try to get more energy and activate things,” says Dr. Quinlan. One of those things it activates is the sympathetic nervous system, resulting in symptoms like chills, sweating, heart palpitations, and blurred vision. Your primary care doctor can check your blood sugar and help you determine what’s up.

Hypothyroidism

“Your thyroid hormone is what’s really responsible for regulating your metabolism in your body, and ultimately, your metabolism helps control how cold or how warm you feel,” says Dr. Quinlan. In hypothyroidism, your thyroid gland is underactive, and your metabolism slows down, sometimes leaving you with chills. Other common symptoms include tiredness, weight gain, constipation, dry skin and hair, and a slowed heart rate, says Dr. Quinlan. Your primary care doctor can order a blood test to check your thyroid hormone levels.

Anemia

If you’re anemic, you aren’t producing enough red blood cells, and as a result, your body isn’t moving around as much oxygen as you need, says Dr. Quinlan. You can also be short on iron and other important electrolytes. As a result, your sympathetic nervous system might kick in with shivering to warm you up and give you some energy. Your primary care provider can check for anemia—and prescribe treatment or iron supplements to reverse it.

Leukemia

Leukemia, a cancer of the blood-forming cells, can make some people feel chilly, especially at nighttime. The culprit? Overproduction of certain kinds of white blood cells that produce hormones and other factors that mimic or activate your body’s sympathetic nervous system to give you the sensation of chills.

Other common leukemia symptoms include fatigue, frequent infections, shortness of breath, pale skin, unexplained weight loss, pain or tenderness in your bones or joints, pain under your ribs on your left side, swollen lymph nodes, and bruising and bleeding easily, according to the Cleveland Clinic. Blood tests, imaging tests, and biopsies can help your doctor determine whether this is the culprit behind your symptoms.

Reactions to medication and other medical treatments

“Chills can frequently be related to medication reactions, and sometimes can be a sign of some pretty serious allergies,” says Dr. Quinlan. “And so if you recently started a new medication and start developing recurrent chills, that’s a reason to talk to your doctor right away.”

ShotPrime // Getty Images

Some people experience chills after blood transfusions, certain cancer treatments, and certain radiology procedures, too, he says. Drug withdrawal can also cause chills in people who use narcotics or antidepressants chronically and then suddenly stop.

But there’s always one more thing to consider with chills—a fever could still be on the horizon.

“At the beginning of a fever, we typically feel cold because our bodies, so to speak, want to increase body temperature,” says Dr. Romanovsky, adding that this can take several minutes, depending on a few factors, including your body size. “Shivering is like turning on the heater, but it takes time for the water in a pot to really become warm.”

Julie Stewart is a writer and content strategist whose work has also appeared in Health, and Women’s Health, Everyday Health, Vice, and Shape.

Why You Have Chills but No Fever

7 Causes for Chills Without Fever and Tips for Treatment