Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) is a genetic condition that causes thickening of the heart muscles, leading to impaired heart function. It is one of the most common inherited heart diseases, affecting more people than previously thought. The condition occurs in individuals with a family history of the disease, often passed down through multiple generations.

Scientific research on FHC has provided valuable information about its causes, inheritance patterns, and associated genes. Mutations in certain genes, such as MYH7, MYBPC3, and TNNT2, have been found to be responsible for the thickening of the heart muscles. Additional genes and mutations associated with FHC are continuously being discovered.

People with FHC may experience symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, and palpitations. The severity of symptoms can vary widely, even among affected family members. Regular cardiac testing, including echocardiograms and genetic testing, is recommended for individuals with a family history of FHC.

There are many resources available for individuals and families affected by FHC. The Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD), OMIM, and PubMed are valuable sources of information on the condition and its genetic causes. Advocacy organizations, such as the Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Association, provide support and resources to help individuals and families navigate the challenges associated with FHC.

ClinicalTrials.gov is a useful tool for finding ongoing research studies and clinical trials related to FHC. These studies aim to improve understanding of the condition and develop more effective treatments. Researchers are also investigating the role of physical exertion and exercise in managing FHC.

In conclusion, familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a genetic condition characterized by thickening of the heart muscles. It is associated with mutations in certain genes and occurs in individuals with a family history of the disease. Regular cardiac testing and access to resources and support are important for individuals and families affected by FHC.

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References:

• Genetics Home Reference: Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Retrieved from https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/familial-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy
• OMIM: Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. Retrieved from https://omim.org/
• PubMed: Search database of scientific articles. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
• Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD). Retrieved from https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/4496/familial-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy
• Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Association. Retrieved from https://www.4hcm.org/
• ClinicalTrials.gov: Database of clinical studies and trials. Retrieved from https://clinicaltrials.gov/

Frequency

Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a rare genetic condition that affects the heart muscle. It is characterized by an abnormal thickening (hypertrophy) of the heart muscle, which can interfere with the normal functioning of the heart. HCM is caused by mutations in certain genes that are involved in the contraction and relaxation of the heart muscle.

The frequency of HCM varies among different populations. Studies have shown that the condition affects approximately 1 in 500 people in the general population. However, the frequency can be higher in certain populations with a history of the condition, such as those of European or African descent.

There are several genes associated with familial HCM. Mutations in these genes can lead to the development of the condition. Some of the genes commonly associated with HCM include MYH7, MYBPC3, TNNT2, and TNNI3. Mutations in these genes can cause abnormalities in the proteins involved in the contraction of the heart muscle.

Testing for familial HCM can be done using genetic testing techniques. This involves analyzing the genes associated with the condition to identify any mutations. Genetic testing can help confirm a diagnosis and provide information about the inheritance pattern of the condition within a family.

Additional information about the frequency of familial HCM can be found in scientific articles and resources such as PubMed, OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man), and the Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD). These resources provide information about the condition, its genetic causes, and associated genes.

In summary, familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a rare condition that is caused by mutations in certain genes involved in heart muscle contraction. The condition affects approximately 1 in 500 people in the general population, with higher frequencies in certain populations. Genetic testing can be used to confirm the diagnosis and provide information about the inheritance pattern of the condition.

Causes

Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic condition characterized by the abnormal thickening (hypertrophy) of the heart muscle. It is primarily caused by mutations in certain genes that are involved in the normal structure and function of the heart muscle.

There are several genes that have been identified as potential causes of familial HCM, including MYH7, MYBPC3, TNNT2, and TNNI3. Mutations in these genes can disrupt the normal contraction and relaxation of the heart muscle, leading to the development of hypertrophy.

Individuals with familial HCM often have a family history of the condition, although it can also occur sporadically without any known family history. Genetic testing is available to identify mutations in these genes, allowing for the diagnosis of familial HCM in individuals with a suspected or confirmed family history of the condition.

In rare cases, familial HCM can also be caused by mutations in other genes, such as ACTC1, MYL2, and MYL3. These genes are less common causes of the condition, but they have been identified in some individuals with familial HCM.

Research on the genetics of familial HCM is ongoing, and new genes and mutations continue to be discovered. It is important for individuals with a diagnosis of familial HCM to stay informed about the latest research and genetic testing options.

For more information about the specific genes and mutations associated with familial HCM, the following resources may be helpful:

• Pubmed
• ClinicalTrials.gov
• OMIM

Additionally, support resources such as patient advocacy groups and cardiovascular genetics centers can provide additional information and support for individuals and families affected by familial HCM.

Learn more about the genes associated with Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHCM) is a genetic condition characterized by the thickening of the heart muscles, leading to impaired cardiac contractions. It is associated with mutations in several genes.

Genetic testing can provide valuable information about the specific genes associated with FHCM. These genes play a crucial role in the physical structure and functioning of proteins in the heart.

Some of the genes commonly associated with FHCM include:

• MYH7 gene
• MYBPC3 gene
• TNNI3 gene
• TNNC1 gene
• TNNC2 gene
• TNNT2 gene
• ACTC1 gene
• TNNI3K gene
• MYL3 gene

The inheritance pattern of FHCM can vary depending on the gene involved. Some genes are inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, while others follow an autosomal recessive pattern.

Research on the genes associated with FHCM and their specific mutations is ongoing. ClinicalTrials.gov provides information about current research studies and clinical trials focused on FHCM and related genetic diseases.

Additional resources and support can be found through organizations such as the Cardiovascular Genetics Center and advocacy groups. These organizations offer information, patient support, and resources for individuals and families affected by FHCM and related conditions.

To learn more about the genes associated with FHCM, you can explore scientific articles, references, and catalog entries available on platforms like OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man).

Genetic testing can help identify the specific gene mutations involved in FHCM. This testing can provide essential information for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment planning.

It is important to note that FHCM is a relatively rare condition, and genetic testing may not be available or necessary for all individuals. However, for those with a family history of the condition or symptoms associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, genetic testing can be a valuable tool.

Learning more about the genes associated with FHCM can contribute to a better understanding of the condition and may lead to advancements in research, diagnosis, and treatment options.

Inheritance

Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) is a genetic condition that is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. This means that a person with the disease has a 50% chance of passing the mutated gene onto each of their children.

This condition can occur in families with no prior history of heart disease, but it is also common for multiple family members to be affected. The disease can be caused by mutations in several different genes, including MYH7, MYBPC3, TNNT2, and others.

In recent years, research has supported the idea that mutations in genes encoding sarcomere proteins, which are responsible for muscle contractions in the heart, are more often associated with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Testing for familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can be done through genetic testing, which can identify mutations in these genes. It is important to note that these mutations are rare and not all individuals with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy will have a detectable mutation. It is also possible for a person to have the disease without any known mutations in these genes.

Additional studies on the genetics of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have shown that the disease can also be caused by mutations in genes that are not directly related to sarcomere proteins.

Physical exams, imaging tests, and family history can also help to diagnose familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Patients with this condition typically have an increased thickness of the heart muscle, known as hypertrophy.

For more information on the genetics and inheritance of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, there are several resources available including scientific articles, online databases like OMIM, patient advocacy groups, and clinical trial registries like ClinicalTrials.gov.

Other Names for This Condition

Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is also known by several other names, including:

• Cardiomyopathy, familial hypertrophic (PubMed Health)
• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (OMIM)
• HCM (short for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) (American Heart Association)
• FHCM (short for familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) (OMIM)
• Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (American Heart Association)
• Asymmetric septal hypertrophy (PubMed Health)
• Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (PubMed Health)
• Hereditary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (OMIM)
• Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (OMIM)

These names are used interchangeably to refer to the same condition, which is characterized by the thickening of the heart muscle, particularly the ventricular walls. Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a genetic condition that can be inherited from one or both parents.

Additional Information Resources

• The Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Association (HCMA): The HCMA is a nonprofit organization focused on educating and supporting individuals and families affected by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Their website provides information on the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for this condition. They also offer resources for genetic testing and advocacy. Visit their website at www.4hcm.org.
• ClinicalTrials.gov: ClinicalTrials.gov is a database of clinical trials conducted worldwide. By searching for “familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy” or related terms, you can find ongoing research studies and opportunities to participate in clinical trials. Visit their website at www.clinicaltrials.gov.
• PubMed: PubMed is a database of scientific articles and research studies in the field of medicine. Searching for “familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy” or specific genes associated with this condition can provide more information on the genetics, inheritance patterns, and clinical features of the disease. Visit their website at www.pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.

Other Resources:

• OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man): OMIM is a comprehensive database that contains information on genetic disorders and their associated genes. Searching for “familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy” or specific gene mutations can provide details on the frequency of these mutations and their role in the development of this condition. Visit their website at www.omim.org.
• Genetics Home Reference: Genetics Home Reference is a resource provided by the National Library of Medicine that offers information on genetic conditions, genes, and related terms. Searching for “hypertrophic cardiomyopathy” or specific genes associated with this condition can provide an overview of the genetics and inheritance patterns of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Visit their website at www.ghr.nlm.nih.gov.
• Cardiovascular Genetics Center: This center specializes in the diagnosis and management of genetic cardiovascular diseases, including familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. They provide comprehensive genetic testing, patient support, and educational resources. Learn more about their services at www.cardiovascular-genetics.org.

For more information on familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, its causes, testing, and support resources, it is recommended to consult these references and resources mentioned above.

Genetic Testing Information

Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) is a condition characterized by the thickening of the heart muscles, which can lead to abnormal heart contractions. This condition is mainly caused by genetic mutations in certain genes.

Genetic testing can provide valuable information about the specific genes involved in FHC, as well as the frequency of these mutations among individuals with the condition. By identifying the exact genetic mutations, healthcare professionals can better understand the disease’s inheritance pattern and develop more targeted treatment approaches.

There are various resources available for genetic testing information on FHC. One such center is the Clinic for Familial Cardiomyopathies, which offers comprehensive genetic testing and counseling services for individuals and families affected by this condition. The center also conducts scientific research to better understand the genetic causes of FHC.

Additional genetic testing resources can be found on the Genetests website, which provides a catalog of genes associated with various genetic diseases, including FHC. This website offers information on the inheritance patterns, clinical symptoms, and testing options for these genes.

In terms of clinical trials, the website ClinicalTrials.gov provides information on ongoing studies that focus on genetic testing and treatments for FHC. Individuals interested in participating in these trials can find relevant information on this platform.

Furthermore, advocacy organizations such as the American Heart Association and the Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Association provide educational resources and support for individuals and families affected by FHC. These organizations promote awareness and understanding of the condition, as well as advocate for increased funding for research and improved access to genetic testing services.

In conclusion, genetic testing plays a crucial role in understanding the genetic causes of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. By identifying the specific genetic mutations associated with this condition, healthcare professionals can provide more accurate diagnoses and develop personalized treatment plans. To learn more about genetic testing for FHC, individuals and families can consult the resources mentioned above.

Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center

The Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) is a resource provided by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). GARD provides valuable information about rare and genetic diseases, including Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (FHC) – a condition characterized by thickening (hypertrophy) of the heart muscle.

GARD offers a wide range of resources for individuals and families looking to learn more about the genetic causes, inheritance patterns, and treatment options for FHC. Through their website and support hotline, individuals can access information on the condition’s symptoms, genetic testing, and available treatment options.

One of the main resources provided by GARD is their online catalog of rare diseases, which includes FHC as well as other hypertrophic cardiomyopathies. The catalog provides comprehensive information on the condition, including scientific articles and references, as well as information on ongoing research studies and clinical trials related to FHC.

In addition to providing information on the genetic causes of FHC and other rare diseases, GARD also offers support and advocacy resources for individuals living with FHC and their families. These resources include patient support groups, advocacy organizations, and information on available genetic counseling services.

GARD aims to empower individuals and families affected by rare and genetic diseases by providing them with accurate and up-to-date information. By offering resources for learning about the genetics and clinical aspects of FHC, GARD aims to improve patient outcomes and support further research in this field.

GARD is a valuable resource for individuals and families seeking information on FHC and other rare genetic diseases. By providing a comprehensive and reliable source of information, GARD aims to empower individuals to make informed decisions about their healthcare and contribute to ongoing research efforts in the field of rare diseases.

Patient Support and Advocacy Resources

There are several resources available to provide support and advocacy for patients with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC). These organizations are dedicated to helping individuals and families navigate the challenges associated with this rare genetic condition.

• The Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Association (FHCA): The FHCA is a patient-centered organization that provides information and support for individuals with FHC and their families. Their website offers a wealth of resources, including articles, research news, and references to clinical trials and scientific publications. The FHCA also offers a patient forum where people can connect with others who are affected by FHC.
• The American Heart Association (AHA): The AHA is a well-known advocacy organization for heart diseases. They provide information about FHC and other cardiac conditions on their website. They also offer a helpline for individuals seeking support or guidance related to heart conditions.
• The National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD): NORD provides a plethora of resources for individuals with rare genetic diseases, including FHC. Their website includes information about the genetics, causes, and inheritance of FHC, as well as listings of additional support organizations and patient advocacy groups.

Furthermore, there are also several research organizations and genetic testing companies that provide information and support for individuals with FHC or other genetic heart conditions:

• The Cardiomyopathy Program at Mount Sinai: Mount Sinai’s Cardiomyopathy Program specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. They offer comprehensive clinical services and resources, as well as genetic testing for the genes associated with FHC.
• The National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI): The NHGRI conducts research on the genetics of various diseases, including FHC. Their website provides information on the genes involved in FHC and the frequency of their occurrence in affected individuals.
• Genetic Testing and Counseling: There are several genetic testing companies that offer testing for FHC and other genetic heart conditions. These tests can help identify mutations in the genes associated with FHC. Some companies also provide genetic counseling services to help individuals understand their test results and make informed decisions about their health.

Remember, if you or a loved one is affected by FHC, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis, treatment, and support.

Research Studies from ClinicalTrials.gov

Research studies from ClinicalTrials.gov provide valuable information on the genes, conditions, and frequency of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC). FHC is a genetic condition characterized by the thickening of the heart muscles, leading to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Through scientific studies conducted at various research centers, scientists have identified several genes associated with FHC, such as MYH7, TNNT2, and TPM1. These genes play a crucial role in the contraction and relaxation of the heart muscles.

Family history is a significant risk factor for FHC, as the condition often occurs in multiple individuals within the same family. Genetic testing for known FHC genes can help diagnose the condition and provide important information for patient management.

ClinicalTrials.gov provides a comprehensive database of ongoing and completed research studies that focus on FHC and related genetic factors. These studies aim to learn more about the causes, inheritance patterns, and associated proteins of FHC.

In addition to FHC, research studies on ClinicalTrials.gov also cover other rare genetic heart diseases. These studies provide critical information for clinicians, scientists, and advocacy groups to develop better diagnostic tools and effective treatment strategies for individuals with FHC and related conditions.

For more information on FHC and related research studies, interested individuals can visit ClinicalTrials.gov or refer to scientific articles and references available on PubMed.

Catalog of Genes and Diseases from OMIM

Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic condition that causes the thickening of the heart muscles. It occurs in individuals with a family history of the condition and is associated with mutations in certain genes.

Cardiomyopathy refers to diseases of the heart muscle, and HCM is one of the most common forms. It is characterized by abnormal contractions and hypertrophy (thickening) of the heart muscles.

OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man) is a comprehensive catalog of genes and genetic diseases. It provides information on the inheritance patterns, causes, clinical features, and associated genetic mutations for various diseases, including familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

The OMIM catalog includes detailed information on the genes associated with HCM, such as MYH7, MYBPC3, TNNT2, and TNNI3. These genes encode proteins involved in the contraction and regulation of heart muscles.

OMIM also provides additional resources and references for further research on familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This scientific information can help clinicians and researchers learn more about the condition and develop better testing and treatment options.

OMIM is an invaluable resource for the field of genetics and cardiology, providing comprehensive information on familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and other genetic diseases. It supports research, clinical practice, and genetic testing, helping healthcare providers and individuals to better understand and manage these conditions.

Scientific Articles on PubMed

Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (FHCM) is a genetic disease characterized by thickening of the heart muscle (hypertrophy) and abnormal contractions of the heart. It is one of the most common inherited cardiovascular diseases, with about 1 in 500 people affected. FHCM is caused by mutations in genes that control the structure and function of the heart muscle.

PubMed is a database of scientific articles that provides a wealth of information on FHCM and other related diseases. Here you can find research studies, clinical trials, and resources for genetic testing and patient support. The following is a list of resources and articles on PubMed related to FHCM:

• PubMed Central (PMC): A free full-text archive of biomedical and life sciences journal articles.
• ClinicalTrials.gov: A registry and results database of publicly and privately supported clinical studies.
• OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man): A catalog of human genes and genetic disorders.
• Cardiovascular Genetics and Genomics Center: A center for research and testing for genetic causes of cardiovascular diseases.

Some of the articles available on PubMed include:

1. “Genetics of Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy”
2. “Family History and Genetic Testing in FHCM”
3. “Genetic Causes of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy”
4. “Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in FHCM”
5. “Rare Mutations Associated with FHCM”
6. “Physical Examination and Genetic Testing in FHCM”

These articles provide valuable information on the genetics, causes, and testing for FHCM. They also offer insights into the clinical presentation, treatment options, and prognosis for individuals with FHCM.

For more information on FHCM and related diseases, you can visit the PubMed website, where you can search for specific articles, read abstracts, and access full-text articles for further reading. This scientific resource is a valuable tool for anyone interested in learning more about FHCM and its genetic basis.

References

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• Clin Trials Gov. Clinical trials on familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Available at: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/. Accessed October 15, 2021.